Reports on the incidence of odontogenic tumours are infrequent with only a limited number of series having appeared in the literature. In this paper, the results of a multicentre retrospective study on the histologic types and relative frequencies of odontogenic tumours in Turkey are presented. The results indicated that the most frequent histologic type was ameloblastoma (36.5 per cent) and the area at greatest risk for the development of odontogenic tumours was the mandibular molar region. A Table showing the most likely type of tumour by location is also presented.

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Background: We defined melanoma distribution in a large series of Turkish patients and evaluated the prognostic parameters of melanomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 1574 patients' data was retrospectively collected at 18 centers in Turkey. Demographic characteristics were questioned and noted. Prognostic parametres were evaluated based on sentinel lymph node involvement. Results: Mean age was 56.7 (4-99) years. While 844 (53.6%) cases were male, 730 (46.4%) cases were female. One thousand four hundred forty-seven (92%) cases were invasive melanoma and 127 (8%) cases were in-situ melanoma. The most common histopathological form was the superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) which was found in 549 patients (37.9%). It was followed by nodular melanoma in 379 (26.2%), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in 191 (13.2%) and lentigo maligna melanoma in 132 (9.1%), respectively. On univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), tumor thickness (p<0.001), histopathological subtype (p<0.001), Clark level (p=0.001), ulceration (p<0.001), ≥6/mm 2 mitosis (p=0.005), satellite formation (p=0.001) and gender (p=0.03) were found to be associated with sentinel lymph node positivity. Regression was associated with sentinel lymph node negativity (p=0.017). According to multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion and tumor thickness were significant independent predictive factors of SLN positivity. Patient age, tumor localization, precursor lesions, lymphocytic infiltration and neurotropism were not related with sentinel lymph node involvement. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, it was found that the prevalence of SSM is at a lower rate while the prevalence of ALM is at a higher rate when compared to western countries. According to Breslow index; most of the melanoma lesions' thickness were greater than 2 mm, corresponding Clark IV. Vascular invasion and tumor thickness are the most important factors for sentinel lymph node involvement.

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Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by grouped, small, firm, translucent papules distributed on the margins of the hands and feet. We report a 21-year-old white patient with acrokeratoelastoidosis in whom Er:YAG laser surgery was carried out, resulting in a slight post-treatment improvement of the disease with slight flattening of the lesions. No clinical recurrence of the lesions developed during the 6 months of follow-up. We suggest that Er:YAG laser surgery of acrokeratoelastoidosis may be considered as a treatment option for this rare disease; however, patients should be informed of the limited clinical improvement obtained with this treatment.

A 30-year-old man presented with indurated violaceous plaques all over his body that had been present for 7 months. The patient had also had vitiligo for 3.5 years, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and cirrhosis for a 2-year period. Histopathologic examination of the indurated plaques confirmed the diagnosis of morphea. Localized scleroderma and vitiligo have only rarely been reported to occur simultaneously. Although the etiologies of vitiligo and morphea are both uncertain, their association with autoimmune diseases favors an autoimmune hypothesis. Both vitiligo and morphea might have appeared coincidentally. However, this association could be significant because it may be related to the presence of HBV and alterations in the immune system that are caused by this virus. Therefore, this rare combination of vitiligo and morphea in a patient with chronic HBV infection warrants attention because it suggests a possible immunologic association, which may merit future study.

Malignant blue nevi (MBN) are extremely rare dermal melanocytic tumors that arise in association with atypical cellular blue nevi (ACBN), cellular blue nevi (CBN), common blue nevi (BN), or de novo. The frequency of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutations in malignant melanoma varies according to histological subtype and localization. These mutations are rarely observed in blue nevi, which have recently been shown to carry activating mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 genes. Only few small molecular studies of MBN have been published. The aim of the present study was to analyze in MBN and related blue lesions such as ACBN, CBN, and BN the prevalence of BRAF, NRAS, KIT, GNAQ, and GNA11 gene mutations and their association with clinicopathological features. We included in our study 12 MBN, 6 ACBN, 29 CBN, and 35 common BN diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. Sanger sequencing method was used for mutation analysis. Overall, GNAQ exon 5 mutation was the most frequent alteration (46 %), in 2 of 12 (17 %) MBN, 1 of 6 (17 %) ACBN, 22 of 29 (76 %) CBN, and 13 of 35 (37 %) common BN. BRAF V600E and GNA11 exon 5 mutations were respectively detected in 3 of 12 (25 %) and in 2 of 12 (17 %) MBN while none in ACBN, CBN, and common BN. None of the cases harbored NRAS exon 2/3, KIT exon 9/11/13/17/18, or GNAQ/GNA11 exon 4 mutations. GNAQ gene exon 5 mutations are rare in MBN and ACBN but frequent in CBN and common BN. Remarkably, BRAF V600E and GNA11 exon 5 mutations were only detected in MBN, whereas none were found in ACBN, CBN, or common BN. Our data contribute new elements to the limited data on molecular alterations in MBN.

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