No abstract

No abstract

Daha ucuz balık yetiştirmenin temel yolu, balık yemlerinde önemli bir yeri olan balık unu yerine alternatif olabilecek protein kaynaklarının kullanılmasıdır. Bu amaçla araştırmada gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yemlerinde hem yerli üretimimiz hem de balık ununa oranla daha ucuz olan tavuk unu, balık ununun bir kısmı ya da tamamı (balık unu proteininin % 25, 50, 75 ve 100’ü) yerine kullanılmıştır. Kontrol yeminde ise tavuk unu yer almamıştır. Deneme yemleri benzeri protein (%43 HP) ve enerji (13.28 MJ SE.kg-1) içeriğine sahip olarak hazırlanmıştır. Ortalama 50,6±1.35 g olan 300 adet balığın kullanıldığı deneme 10 hafta sürmüştür. Deneme sonunda, I, II, II, IV nolu yemler ile V nolu yem arasında besi boyunca ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı (OCAA) ve yem tüketimi açısından bulunan farklılık önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) ve proteinden yararlanma oranı (PYO) söz konusu olduğunda ise farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Ancak 1 kg balık üretme maliyetine bakıldığında en ucuz balığın IV ve V nolu yemler ile beslenen gruplardan elde edilmesine (P<0.05) karşın bu gruplardaki balıkların I, II ve III nolu grupların ortalama canlı ağırlığına ulaşmasının haftalar alacağı aşikardır. Sonuç olarak normal bir balık gelişimi süreci bakımından tavuk ununun alabalık yemlerinde balık unu proteininin % 75’i yerine kadar kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Algae produce some substances that have a positive effect on human health. Algae are known as sources suitable for use in food and foods with the bioactive components they produce at a high rate. These ingredients are called nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals are products that have physiological benefits and are protective against chronic diseases and are generally recommended to be used as medicines. Bioactive nutraceuticals from aquaculture; fish oil (ω-3), seal blubber oil, algae oil, shark liver oil, shark cartilage, chitin, chitosan as well as enzymes, peptides and their components, vitamins (vitamin A,D,E, β carotene), macroalgae and its components, protein hydrolysates and other products. It is known that these high-value components in algae regulate immunity, prevent diabetes, oxidation, inflammation, high cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases, and have positive effects against obesity and unbalanced nutrition. In this review, information is given about micro and macroalgae-based nutraceuticals, their application areas and potential health benefits.

In this study, a total of 720 rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) having 50.08±0.19 g of average initial weight were used to compare of usage of the soybean meal, sunflower meal, canola meal and cottonseed meal as the best plant protein source. Four different feeds which contain soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), sunflower meal (SFM) and cotton seed meal were used, respectively. Four trial groups were tested in triplicate during 12 weeks. Experimental diets were prepared as isonitrogenous (42% CP) and isocaloric (13.9 MJ DE/kg feed). At the end of the study, it was observed that there was no significantly difference among the groups for average feed consumption, condition factor and survival rate, however, average live weight, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) were found statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the difference in the composition of carcass and total body between the groups were found statistically significant (P<0.05). Consequently, it is concluded that soybean meal, canola meal and sunflower meal can be used as a part of fish meal, however cottonseed meal can be used as only smolt or older trout feeds if it is cheap and has good quality.