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Background: This examination was performed to research the advantage of the antioxidant impact of Potentilla fulgens on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Materials and methods: In the SCI model of this examination, the tolerably serious lesion was performed at the L1-L2 spinal segmental level. SCI animals were given P. fulgens 400 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally. At 7 days post-lesion, exploratory rats were executed after intraperitoneal administration 7 ketamine HCL (0.15 mL/100 g body weight). Spinal cord specimens were taken for histological examination or assurance of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) action. SCI caused a remarkable decline in spinal cord GSH content, trailed by noteworthy increments in MDA levels and MPO action. Results: Degenerative changes in some multipolar and bipolar nerve cells and pyknotic changes in the nuclei of glial cells were likewise noticed. Remarkable development was seen in cells and vascular structures of P. fulgens treated groups when contrasted with untreated groups. Conclusions: Potentilla fulgens application may influence angiogenetic improvement in vein endothelial cells, reduce inflammatory cell aggregation by influencing cytokine system and may make apoptotic nerve cells and neuroprotective component in glial cells.

Background: Osteoporosis results with the imbalance between osteoblastic formation and osteoclastic resorption, resulting in susceptibility to bone fractures. Ovariectomy leads to osteoporosis by triggering alterations in bone formation and structure. Tamoxifen as an anti-oestrogen is used for adjuvant therapy especially in metastatic diseases and known to have a bone mass protective effect after ovariectomy. Materials and methods: An animal model of ovariectomy induced osteoporosis after tamoxifen citrate administration was studied via biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Female Wistar albino rats (n = 45), selected according to their oestrous cycle, were divided into three groups; I -control, II -ovariectomy, III -ovariectomy + tamoxifen. Following ovariectomy, tamoxifen citrate (10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the period, animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia, blood samples were taken to measure oestrogen, calcium, and alkaline phosphate. Tibia bone samples were fixed in formalin solution and decalcified with 5% ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid. After the routine histological follow up, samples were embedded in paraffin and cut with a microtome for semi-thin sections. Primary antibodies osteonectin and osteopontin were applied to sections and examined under light microscope. Results: As a consequence, when oestrogen and calcium data were compared there was a decrease in ovariectomy group with an increase in alkaline phosphatase. In ovariectomy + tamoxifen group, these values were close to the control group. Osteonectin was observed to promote bone formation by influencing collagen fibre formation, extracellular matrix development, osteoblast differentiation and the capacity to affect osteoclast activity. Conclusions: It has been suggested that osteopontin, the cytokine and cell binding protein, stimulates cellular signalling pathways, induces bone remodelling and acts in osteoporosis. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78; 4: 789-797)

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Background: Cancer is a complex disease that is derived from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Bone cancer is a type of prevalent cancer that occurs both in youngsters and adults. Bone cancer is mostly common in the long bones of the pelvis, arms, and legs. Statistically, more than 200 cases of osteosarcoma have been reported annually in our country. Classical treatment with chemotherapeutics remains ineffective for the cure of this cancer. Recent studies have shown that ceramide induces apoptosis due to its increased levels in the cells. Thus, many studies have been conducted for the accumulation of ceramide molecules in the cell by different ways to induce apoptosis. NOE (N-oleoylethanolamine) is a specific inhibitor of ceramidase enzymes that hydrolyse intracellular ceramides and prevent apoptosis. Objective: This study investigates the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of NOE on human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells. Methods: Cytotoxic effects were investigated by MTT colorimetric assay. For the detection of morphological and ultrastructural indicators of apoptosis, confocal and TEM techniques were used, respectively. Results: Our finding indicated that NOE is effective in the inhibition of the growth of Saos-2 cells. Confocal and TEM findings showed morphological and ultrastructural changes as chromatin condensation, fragmentations of nuclei and mitochondria, as well as damaged cytoskeleton and cell shrinkage. Conclusion: The results revealed that NOE exhibits its cytotoxicity on Saos-2 cells by changing the ultrastructure and morphology of cells with clear apoptotic sparks.

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