Meloxicam exerts neuroprotective effect by preserving BBB permeability and by reducing brain edema (probably by its anti-inflammatory properties) in the diffuse brain injury model.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in part associated with the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological changes in E-cadherin and VEGF expression after traumatic brain injury in rats. The rats were divided into 2 groups as the control and the trauma groups. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a weight-drop device using 300 g -1 m weight-height impact. After 5 days of traumatic brain injury, blood samples were taken under ketamine hydroxide anesthesia and biochemical analyzes were performed. The control and trauma groups were compared in terms of biochemical values. There was no change in glutathione (GSH) levels and blood brain barrier permeability. However, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) levels increased in the trauma group. In the histopathological examination, choroid plexus in the lateral ventricule, near the piamater membrane, was removed. In the traumatic group, some of epithelial cells were hyperplasic, some of were with local degeneration with peeled off from apical surface. In addition, we observed that congestion in capillary vessels and mononuclear cell infiltration around the vessels. After traumatic brain injury, the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, vascular permeability, and interaction with VEGF receptors in endothelial cells lead to edema in the vessel wall. On the other hand, E-cadherin expression decreased in the tight-junction structures between epithelial cells and basal membrane, resulting in an increase in cerebrospinal fluid in the intervillous area.
Morphol., 34(4):1352Morphol., 34(4): -1356Morphol., 34(4): , 2016.
SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in position of the conus medullaris (CM) in male and female patients without spinal deformity, to correlate the termination level in magnetic resonance (MR) images of the lumbar spine. 921 patients consisted of 607 men and 314 women were evaluated by MRI. The strength of T1 weighted MRI device was 1.5 Tesla. The patients were in supine position when measured. The termination level of the conus medullaris was recorded in relation to the upper, middle or lower third of the adjacent vertebra and the adjacent intervertebral disc. The patients in our study group were examined for low back pain. The members with spinal deformity were excluded. The distribution of conus medullaris localization was measured to range from T12 to L2-L3. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean conus medullaris position related to gender also a significant difference between increasing age and conus position in female patients. These findings suggest that the distribution of CM location in a large adult population was shown to range from the upper third of T12 to the lower third of L2-L3 disc space both in women and men.
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