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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the configuration of network ties that would have a positive impact on performance outcomes and test the presumed impact of multilevel strategic alliances on innovation and firm performance in a specific industry. Design/methodology/approach This study comprises part of a larger project on the network relations of yacht-building firms operating in Turkey. Data of the study was collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires with 143 yacht-building firms operating in major yacht-building regions of the country. Findings The findings of the study indicated the presence of meaningful relationship between total number of (strong) network relations perceived as strategic alliance and overall innovation performance. The generally presumed positive relationship between innovation performance and firm performance was supported. The type of innovation performance that was found to be related to the total number of network ties perceived as strategic alliance at national and global levels was product innovation performance. Practical implications A possible contribution of this study for industry members would be the implications of the finding that indicates positive impact of strategic alliances with different actors of the industry. Originality/value This study contributes to the exploration of network configurations that have a positive impact on innovation and firm performance, by dealing with the impact of the size, strength and geographical level of network relations in one single study. The yacht-building industry as the empirical setting represents a specific category of industry that rests on customized individual or small-batch manufacturing requiring considerable interaction with customers and suppliers. Because no study exists on this topic, findings can inspire similar industries.

Although the new changes in the health system in Turkey has resulted in positive implications with respect to the groups that use the healthcare services, it has been singled out for criticism by the professional associations because of its erosive consequences particularly for the medical profession as a whole. The purpose of this study is to explain how the health transformation policies and practices influenced the working conditions and perceptions of the resident physicians in Turkey with regard to the medical profession. A qualitative research design was employed, and the data was collected through document analysis and focus group interview. The common findings highlight that the new practices have had an aggravated effect on the working conditions of the resident physicians, which has resulted in several contentious issues. These include the increased workload, insufficient training and development, economic and social conditions and a heightened number of violent acts against physicians. Negatively, these influence the motivation of the physicians and their perception of the medical profession. This finding suggests that the medical profession is able to be studied as an appropriate case for the phenomenon of deprofessionalization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The literature on internationalization strategies of multinational enterprises traditionally examines the activities and strategies of multinational enterprises originating from developed markets; besides, it is an area that is developing more rapidly with the multiplier effect of globalization processes. However, in recent years, this field has started to attract attention with the increase in foreign direct investments made by multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets to other countries. In this study, it is aimed to understand the contributions that multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets can make to mainstream theories in the field of international business, and to focus on the differences between emerging-market multinational enterprises and developed market multinational enterprises in terms of internationalization strategies. In this context, Yılport Holding, which is a container terminal operator in Turkey, and recently attracted attention with its foreign direct investments in both developed and emerging markets, by being the 11th largest company on a global scale in a very short time, has been examined as a case study. The fact that Yılport Holding, a multinational company originating from the emerging market, has grown rapidly through acquisitions in a very short time, as well as gaining an unexpected advantage in terms of ownership advantage, branding and courage to enter the market, are all in contradiction with traditional internationalization theories. These can be explained as the efforts of multinational enterprises originating from emerging markets to quickly catch up with and surpassing multinational enterprises originating from developed countries by eliminating various disadvantages arising from these markets.

ÖZET Eğik masa testi sonuçlarına yaş ve cinsiyetin etkisi: Retrospektif çalışmaBu çalışmada, eğik masa testi yapılan 591 hastanın test sonuçlarını ve klinik özelliklerini geriye dönük olarak incelendik. Eğik masa testi sonuçları [normal, vasovagal senkop (mikst, vazodepresör ve kardiyoinhibitör tip 2A ve 2B)] ve asistol süreleri, yaş grupları (<25, 25-50, >50 yaş) ve cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldı. Mikst tip ve vazodepresör tip vasovagal senkop en çok tespit edilen cevap tipleriydi [Sırasıyla 140(%23.7) ve 76(%12.9)]. Vazodepresör, kardiyoinhibitör tip 2A ve 2B vasovagal senkop daha ileri yaşlarda (>50 yaş) biraz daha fazla tespit edilirken, mikst tip vasovagal senkop en çok daha genç yaşlarda (<25 yaş) tespit edildi (p=0.652). En çok gözlenen asistol süresi olan 3-6 saniye, daha genç yaşlarda gözlenirken, bu süre daha yetişkinlerde (25-50 yaş) 7-8 saniye ve üzerine uzadığı görüldü (p=0.285). Cinsiyet açısından tek fark olarak kadınlarda vazodepresör tip vasovagal senkop hafif fazla (P=0.153), erkeklerde asistol daha sık gözlendi (P=0.709). Eğik masa testi tüm yaş gruplarında uygun şartlarda kolayca uygulanabilen bir testtir. Mikst tip vasovagal senkop en çok tespit edilen tanı olmasına rağmen kardiyoinhibitör tip vasovagal senkop da tüm yaş gruplarında nadir olmayan sonuçlardan biridir. 3-6 saniye süreli asistol genellikle daha gençlerde gözlenirken bu süre daha yaşlılarda komplikasyon gelişmeden 7-8 saniyeye kadar uzayabildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Eğimli masa testi; vasovagal senkop; asistol; aritmi, SUMMARY In this study we analyzed retrospectively the results of head-up tilt-table test (HUTT) and clinical features of 591 subjects. The head-up tilt-table test results [normal, vasovagal syncope (mixed, vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory type 2A and 2B)] and the asystole periods were compared by age groups (<25, 25-50, >50 years old) and gender. Mixed type and vasodepressor type vasovagal syncope were the predominant types of response [140 (23.7%) and 76 (12.9%), respectively]. Mixed type vasovagal syncope was higher in younger ages (<25 years) whereas vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory type 2A and 2B type vasovagal syncope was slightly higher in older ages (>50 years) (p=0.652). While the mostly observed asystole period was 3-6 sec and over in younger ages, it may prolong 7-8 sec and over in adults (25-50 years old) (p=0.285). The only difference with regard to gender was that the rate of vasodepressor type was slightly higher in females (P=0.153) whereas asystole period was more frequently observed in males (P=0.709). Head-up tilt-table test is a convenient and easily applicable test in proper circumstances for all age groups. Although mixed type vasovagal syncope is a predominant diagnosis in the test, cardioinhibitory type vasovagal syncope is not an infrequent one in all age groups. While asystole period of 3-6 sec was mainly observed in younger patients, it was prolonging over 7-8 sec in older ages without any complication.