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To evaluate the Smear layer generated by three rotary instrumentation techniques Thirty single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were selected for this study, teeth were decoronated at the level of CEJ (Cemento enamel junction) and were divided into three groups for cleaning and shaping of root canals, group I (protaper gold) group II (M two) group III (Hyflex EDM) After splitting the roots longitudinally, the Smear layer generated by each instrument for each root canal was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and the data obtained was statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Instrumentation with Protaper gold (Group 1) showed the maximum amount of Smear layer generation followed by Hyflex EDM (Group 3) files and VDW Mtwo (Group 2) showed the least values of Smear layer generation. Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that Mtwo (group 2) showed better results in removing the Smear layer than Protaper gold and Hyflex EDM file systems.

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Aim: To compare the effect of four different polishing systems on color stability of two Nano composite resins immersed in four beverages (Coffee, Tea, Cola and Fanta). Methods:Eighty disc shaped specimens of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were prepared for each of the two Nano composite resins (Tetric N Ceram; Estelite alpha). The specimens of each material were divided into four groups (n=20) and were polished by four different systems (Optrapol; Astro brush; Diamond polishing paste; Shofu super-snap polishing discs). They were then immersed in four different beverages for 10 days at room temperature (Coffee, Tea, Cola and Fanta). The color of the specimens were evaluated under spectrophotometer before and after immersion. The mean color change (ΔE) values were statistically analyzed using three ways ANOVA. Results:The color change (ΔE) of the two Nano-composites ranged between 4.012 and 2.474 after 10 days of immersion in staining solutions. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed between the staining of two Nano-composites when compared with polishing systems and staining solutions. Conclusions:The two Nano-composites showed comparable color changes in all beverages. Estelite alpha showed greater resistance to staining as compared to Tetric N Ceram. Staining susceptibility was greater when polished by OptraPol followed by Astro brush, Diamond polishing paste and Shofu super-snap polishing discs.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the smile esthetic perception of dental professionals and laypeople in Khammam on gingival margin asymmetries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A frontal close-up smile photograph of a female volunteer was captured and digitally altered in four stages of 0.5mm increments and nal images were assessed by dentists and laypeople. A questionnaire was carried out to evaluate the attractiveness of images by using a visual analog scale. Collected data were analyzed using Mann – Whitney U test. RESULTS: Smiles with 2mm gingival asymmetries were found to be less esthetic. Dentist's scores were signicantly lower than patient scores. CONCLUSION: As the amount of gingival display increased, esthetic scores decreased in both groups.