Clinicopathologic, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic findings in 207 cases (208 lesions) of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) are presented. The GCTTS could he divided into two groups according to the anatomic location, the first occurring in the digits (digit group, 182 cases) and the second, in the larger joints (large joint group, 25 cases). In the majority of cases of the digit group, the tumor occurred in one of the fingers (158 cases), whereas in the large joint group, the tumor was common in the ankle (10 cases) and knee joints (8 cases). The lesion was more common in women (67%) than in men (33%). Microscopically, the GCTTS in both groups consisted of a mixture of abundant histiocyte-like, foam, and multinucleated giant cells of the osteoclast type. However, worthy of special mention were the large clefts or wide pseudoglandular spaces lined by synovial cells and that were more striking in the large joint group than in the conventional digit group. The component cells had functional properties of macrophages, as determined in the enzyme histochemical study. Electron microscopically, the tumors consisted essentially of histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, and intermediate cells, together with myofibroblasts.Cancer 57:875-884,1986.IANT CELL TUMOR of tendon sheath (GCTTS) (nod-G ular tenosynovitis) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) have long been studied. The conditions are considered to be benign growths of round or polygonal histiocyte-like cells associated with multinucleated giant cells, foam cells, and hemosiderin-laden cells. Although these two conditions are considered related entities, there is a practical difference. Most lesions of GCTTS produce one or more discrete nodules commonly on the tendon sheath or in the small joints of the fingers and toes. '-9 Less common sites include large joints, such as the ankle or knee PVS is identified by a diffusely proliferated synovial membrane bearing a villous aspect with or without nodular formation, and most frequently involves the knee joint. 2-1 Jaffe and associates,I6 who studied the histologic characteristics of these lesions, concluded that the lesions were in reality multiple manifestations of a single disease, including GCTTS (localized