First of all, the beam propagation of Super Lorentz Gaussian (SLG) profile is propagated via space, the recent research dealt extensively with the investigation of the propagation of SLG in a level of specified atmospheric. In a turbulent atmosphere of intensity and receiver field, models were derived from a new mathematical expression of intensity and analyzed. Also, to find the power scintillation indicators for the SLG beam in a random turbulence of receiver plane. The equations are obtained for the average receiver-aperture. The new beam of SLG systems generated a modified model when compared with the receiver-aperture averaging. When we revisions the parameters, firstly is started the factor source size, this affected the profile for the power propagation and the analysis proved that the average of the aperture is affected by increasing the distance of propagation length. The enhancement of the average power of the aperture effect reliably with the source size of the initial beam source depends on several factors, including the structure constant, the beam order and static value of source size. Finally, the target of this article is detected a novel of mathematical expression of the receiver intensity is applied in the system of optical communications.
The imaging processing technique was used for studying a laser beam nature that transmitted through films of PM-355. The thermal nonlinearity of PM-355 films was studied using a 635 nm cw diode laser at 15 mW as the source of excitation. Third order nonlinear optical properties of PM-355 films irradiated with α-particles at different times and pristine sample has been studied using Z-scan technique. The samples showed a negative and large nonlinear refractive index and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) with high values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient. The fluorescence spectra of PM-355 films were investigated at room temperature and wavelength range of 250–500 nm for a pristine film and in different times of exposure to α-particles. The broad peaks were between 350, 420 and 465 nm. All-optical switching property of PM-355 samples irradiated with α-particles at 20 min was also studied using the standard pump-probe technique.
The research studies the effects of some weather parameters for Baghdad city on the output of the solar module of the type monocrystalline. The experimental part measures the electrical parameters of the photo-voltaic (PV) module for three levels of radiation rate 500, 750, and 1000 W/m 2 . The theoretical part includes the modeled and simulation of the PV panel, via the proposed mathematical single-diode model (SDM, 5 parameters), and Matlabsimulation. The Newton Raphson method was applied to find the output current of the solar panel and the plotting P-V, I-V curves. The work involves preparing a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimal ambient conditions to give the highest output of the solar module. The validation of the model was verified by the practical testing of the cell for 6 months. The best results were obtained at standard testing conditions (25℃, 1000 W/m 2 ). The output power calculated by the mathematical model was 30.1 W while from experimental work was 30.45 W. The relative error is 1.15%. The converge between experimental and modeling results for the same conditions is about 98.9% that proves the validity of the proposed model and the possibility of using it for all types of photovoltaic.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared as a films with different volume ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to test morphology and grain size of the specimen surfaces. The results revealed that the surface roughness of specimen decreased with increasing the ratio of TiO2 whereas the grain size was increased. The stress-strain curves for TiO2/PVA composite films with 0%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% TiO2 content are characterized. The mechanical performance of the TiO2/PVA composite films was clearly affected according to loaded TiO2 contrast to that of the pure film. Furthermore, the titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite samples examined as a shielding material of gamma ray. linear attenuation coefficient was measured by using the Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and gamma-ray photons 662 keV as a radioactive source. It was shown that the efficiency of shielding material increased with increasing the loaded amount of TiO2.
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