Climate change has had an impact on increasing hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia. the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) estimates, until mid-May 2020 Indonesia is threatened with a hydrometeorological disaster. Most of the Indonesian people are in areas prone to hydrometeorological disasters. To reduce its impact, the government needs to make adaptation efforts to climate change, which are carried out holistically and integrated by involving all elements of society and the government by referring to the National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia that has been prepared by the government of Indonesia.
Problems related to water resources are still a major concern in some regions in the tropical climate. The effect of seasonal changes on the physical parameters of water quality is quite clearly visible. This certainly can pose a serious risk if it takes place in the long term towards human health and the environment without conducting intensive studies. The approach of this study is to draw the relationship between seasonal changes and physical parameters of water quality in 185 points spread across 11 sub-districts. Water parameter data was analyzed using multivariate statistics. Based on multivariate analysis in the dry season, the regression equation Y = 343.482 X1 + 0.039 X2 - 0.016 X3 + 12.961 X4 + 124.773 X5 - 815.208 and rainy season Y = 273.119 X1 + 0.025 X2 + 0.336 X3 + 15.731 X4 + 39.731 X5 - 745.119 (X1 salinity, X2 resistivity, X3 depth, X4 TDS, and X5 temperature, with bound parameters or Y is conductivity). Based on the health standards of the Indonesia Health Ministry concluded that regions showed the zone of extreme changes is close to the coast.
Sufficiently high sediment deposit at the shipwreck diving site (MV Boelongan Nederland) the Mandeh bay region - Pesisir Selatan Regency due to infrastructure development has resulted in significant changes in the physical environment and may affect the existence of the shipwreck diving site. The analysis method regarding the sedimentation rate is carried out based on data from sediment traps that have been installed at the location of the shipwreck diving site, river flow, and river estuary. Based on the sedimentation rate measurement from the sediment trap, there is a close relationship between the sediment supply of the Mandeh river flow and the Nyalo river flow that affects the sedimentation rate at the shipwreck diving site. Where it was found the sedimentation rate in the shipwreck diving site was 15,33 g.m-2day-1. With the condition of the waters of Mandeh bay region being semi-closed from open water, it is suspected that the sediment contributed from these rivers is mostly trapped and settled in these water areas.
Making of block model was performed by geostatistic approach using kriging method to estimate and modeling of limestone source quality at Karang Putih Hill. Modeling and counting of source were based on three-dimension block model concept which was divided into block units with grid size 100 100 15 m which was appropriate with the size of mining block at location of the study. Variable used for limestone source estimation were CaO, SiO2and H2O levels, according to conditions of raw material quality which has been specified.The result from variogram analysis showed that spatial characteristic of CaO, SiO2 and H2O levels in limestone had nugget effect percentage of 47, 36%, 30, 92%, dan 33, 3% with range 145 - 230 m and range for vertical direction 21 - 40 m. Percentage (%) error of limestone estimation with confidence level 95% for CaO level were 54, 74% 0, 04%, SiO2: 0, 72% 0, 04% and H2O: 0, 36% ± 0, 007% respectively. Limestone resource quantity estimation at Karang Putih Hill up to elevation 214 meters above sea level which fulfilled the standard quality of CaO level ≥ 48 %, SiO2 level < 10%, and H2O level < 6 % was 158, 01 million ton, while tonnase in the form of 799, 94 thousand ton of silica and 1, 17 million ton of basalt.
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