Early warning based on the data in the previous months could assist in improving vector control, community intervention, and personal protection.

No abstract

Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens in Thailand inhabit shallow water amongst dense emergent vegetation near the margin of rice paddy fields. Nesting water was low in dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity but high in free carbon dioxide and temperature. This fish aggregated with a mean population density of 1·7 fish m 2 and an equal adult sex ratio. Males were heavier, longer and wider than females. The size of their bubble nest is in proportion to their weight and length. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

Larger males of the wild Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens were more successful in male contests. There were no differences in fighting duration among treatments. Comparing agonistic behaviour between large and small males in 1 and 2 .. treatments, larger males attacked, chased and performed total agonistic behaviour more than smaller males. There were no differences between larger and smaller males concerning other agonistic behaviour during fighting. Females presented with two potential mates of different sizes did not prefer larger males. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

the respondents had poor knowledge about cholera-related issues like definition, causes, prevention and management while 97% had positive attitude towards prevention of cholera and cholera vaccine. One third of the respondents did not have good practice for prevention of cholera. Lack of adequate supply of water and gas to boil water, unconsciousness, high density of population and living places surrounded by drainage water were identified as reasons for not having good practice.This study shows significant association between respondents' knowledge and sex, education, occupation, monthly household expenditure, attitude and practice (p<0.05). In the adjusted model, female were 74% less likely to have poor knowledge than male (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.87). Compared to respondent's high monthly household expenditure (>128US$), the significant odds (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.58) was found with the respondents who had monthly lowest household expenditure (< = 93US$) that they were more likely to have poor knowledge.Conclusion: This study recommended to strengthen health education activities to improve knowledge of low socio-economic group of people on cholera and cholera vaccine and emphasized the importance of mass cholera vaccination to prevent and control cholera.