Early warning based on the data in the previous months could assist in improving vector control, community intervention, and personal protection.

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Larger males of the wild Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens were more successful in male contests. There were no differences in fighting duration among treatments. Comparing agonistic behaviour between large and small males in 1 and 2 .. treatments, larger males attacked, chased and performed total agonistic behaviour more than smaller males. There were no differences between larger and smaller males concerning other agonistic behaviour during fighting. Females presented with two potential mates of different sizes did not prefer larger males. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

the respondents had poor knowledge about cholera-related issues like definition, causes, prevention and management while 97% had positive attitude towards prevention of cholera and cholera vaccine. One third of the respondents did not have good practice for prevention of cholera. Lack of adequate supply of water and gas to boil water, unconsciousness, high density of population and living places surrounded by drainage water were identified as reasons for not having good practice.This study shows significant association between respondents' knowledge and sex, education, occupation, monthly household expenditure, attitude and practice (p<0.05). In the adjusted model, female were 74% less likely to have poor knowledge than male (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.87). Compared to respondent's high monthly household expenditure (>128US$), the significant odds (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.58) was found with the respondents who had monthly lowest household expenditure (< = 93US$) that they were more likely to have poor knowledge.Conclusion: This study recommended to strengthen health education activities to improve knowledge of low socio-economic group of people on cholera and cholera vaccine and emphasized the importance of mass cholera vaccination to prevent and control cholera.

We investigated the amount of time that large and small, male and female fiddler crabs Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) spent on feeding, walking, standing, grooming, burrowing, inside burrows, fighting, and courtship waving. We video-recorded the activities of 45 males (22 small and 23 large), and 39 females (19 small and 20 large) each for 5 min, and calculated the percentage of time spent on each activity/crab. Our results showed that both sexes spent more time on feeding than on other activities. Males spent more time on building burrows, walking, and grooming than females, and females spent more time inside burrows than males. Smaller males spent more time on feeding, and less time on building burrows and on waving than larger ones. There were no relations between female body size and activities. Feeding rate/feeding claw was higher in males than in females, and crab body size was negatively associated with feeding rate/min. RÉSUMÉNous avons étudié le temps que passent les mâles et les femelles du crabe violoniste Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) pour l'alimentation, la marche, le repos, la toilette, le creusement du terrier, le temps passé à l'intérieur du terrier, les combats et la parade. Nous avons enregistré en vidéo les activités de 45 mâles (22 petits and 23 grands), et 39 femelles (19 petites et 20 grandes) chacun pendant 5 min, et nous avons calculé le pourcentage de temps passé à chaque activité/crabe. Nos résultats ont montré que les deux sexes passent plus de temps pour se nourrir que pour toutes les autres activités. Les mâles passent plus de temps à bâtir des terriers, marcher et faire leur toilette que les femelles, et les femelles passent plus de temps à l'intérieur des terriers que les mâles. Les mâles plus petits passent plus de temps à s'alimenter et moins de temps à construire des terriers et à la parade nuptiale que les mâles plus grands. Il n'y a pas de relation entre la taille du corps de la femelle et ses activités. Le rapport taux d'alimentation/longueur de la pince servant à la prise de nourriture était plus élevé chez les mâles que chez les femelles, et la taille du corps du crabe était associé négativement au rapport taux d'alimentation/min.