The gender perspective in community forest management in Central Lombok Regency is focused on analyzing gender equality in domestic and productive activities, particularly access and control of forest resources. This research is conducted by using Framework Harvard Analysis through interviews with respondents, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with certain informants. The unit of this research’s analysis is women whose household has the right to manage community forest. This study shows that there is a gender equality bias which is indicated by the low participation of women in controlling forest resources (planning, regulation, evaluation) due to the stereotypical view of gender roles in decision making which is dominated by men. However, the high participation of women is more involved in terms of access to forest resources (implementation, crop productivity, utilization) to improve household food security. Forest farmer households with a high level of gender equality through the active involvement of women in controlling forest resources will improve social and economic adaptation strategies with a high level of diversity.
The behaviour of women in providing, obtaining, and utilizing food can determine the status of household food security. Consumption of diverse food including animal protein is very important to prevent stunting. The level of energy consumption which is still below the national standard and the low consumption of animal protein by the people of West Nusa Tenggara Province contribute to the high number of stunting cases in West Nusa Tenggara Province, especially West Lombok Regency. To reduce it, the Government of West Lombok has provided guidance to coastal communities through extension activities on optimizing the marketing and processing of fish caught to fisherwomen. This study aims to find out about the role of extension workers in supporting household food security, analyse the influence of the role of extension workers on the behaviour of women fishermen and analyse the effect of women’s behaviour on the status of household food security. The research was conducted in Batu Layar District, in Meninting Village and Senteluk Village and Lembar District, Sheet Village and South Sheet Village. The research was conducted using an explanatory survey method with data collection through interviews with 60 respondents, observations, and in-depth interviews with several fisherwomen informants and key informant. Then the data was analysed by regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that the higher the role of the extension worker will be able to change the behaviour of fisherwomen, and changes in the behaviour of fisherwomen will improve the status of household food security. Thus, increasing the competence of extension workers must be comprehensive, not only focusing on the production aspect but also on the importance of food and nutrition aspects. Then, it is necessary to encourage an increase in the role of extension workers in conducting counselling and mentoring to change the behaviour of fisherwomen in processing, selecting, providing, and distributing diverse and nutritious food to each household member.
The study entitled “The Phenomenon of Beggars in the City of Mataram: Study of Social Construction on the Beggars Surviving Strategies in Sekarbela Subdistrict, Mataram City”. This study used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach and used the thinking framework of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1966) on Social Construction, and Erik Snel and Richard Staring (2001) on Survival Strategy as a analitical tool with several sociological concepts that are relevant to the study. Informants were sellected through purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Based on the results of the study, the emergence of beggars is caused by two factors, namely the pushing factors and the pull factors. The development of beggars in Sekarbela Subdistrict, Mataram City is not spared from the formation of knowledge that is constructed based on experiences, the influence of the closest person and the social environment of the perpetrators. The results of the knowledge about the activities of begging or ‘alms keeper’ then bring out actions and behaviors that have been as survival strategies to meet their needs and survival. The survival strategies of beggars in the community environment both in the scope of other beggars and also the community at large is carried out mutual respect between beggars, mutual protection, collective action and manipulative actions that are carried out socially. Economically, beggars make an effort to carry out one type of work (single survival strategy), which is as beggars and carry out various survival strategies besides begging to be able to survive in meeting their needs. Keywords: Phenomenon, Beggars, Social Construction, Survival Strategy Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan perilaku pengemis, faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab munculnya pengemis, makna mengemis bagi para pengemis dan proses konstruksi sosial terkait strategi bertahan hidup pengemis di lingkungan sosial Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan menggunakan kerangka pemikiran Peter L. Berger dan Thomas Luckmann (1966) tentang Konstruksi Sosial serta Erik Snel dan Richard Staring (2001) tentang Strategi Bertahan Hidup sebagai pisau analisis dengan beberapa konsep sosiologi yang relevan dengan kajian penelitian. Informan dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa munculnya pengemis disebabkan oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor pendorong dan faktor penarik. Perkembangan pengemis di Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram ini tidak luput dari terbentuknya pengetahuan yang dikonstruksi berdasarkan pengalaman, pengaruh orang terdekat dan lingkungan sosial pelaku. Hasil dari pengetahuan tentang aktivitas mengemis atau ‘penunggu sedekah’ tersebut kemudian memunculkan tindakan serta perilaku yang digunakan sebagai strategi bertahan hidup guna memenuhi kebutuhan dan keberlangsungan hidupnya. Strategi bertahan hidup pengemis dalam lingkungan masyarakat baik di lingkup para pengemis lainnya dan juga masyarakat secara luas dilakukan saling menghargai antar pengemis, saling melindungi, tindakan kolektif dan tindakan manipulatif hal tersebut dilakukan secara sosial. Secara ekonomi, pengemis melakukan upaya dengan menjalankan satu jenis pekerjaan (single survival strategy) yakni sebagai pengemis dan menjalankan berbagai jenis pekerjaan (multiple survival strategies) selain mengemis agar mampu bertahan hidup dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya.
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