The primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare manifestation of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The clinical features are indistinguishable to that of breast carcinoma. They usually do not have characteristic clinical and imaging findings. The preoperative diagnosis of PBL is difficult and the diagnosis is based on biopsy and immunohistochemical staining. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histological diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed four cases of PBL who attended at our center, between 1997 and 2019 and discussed to determine the common clinical features and therapy. These cases were originally treated by chemotherapy, that is, rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP/CHOP) or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy and had recurrence in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to the high incidence of CNS involvement in these patients, many authors strongly believe that patients with aggressive forms of PBL should receive CNS prophylaxis, even in the early stages, as this may improve the outcome and significantly reduce the risk of a CNS relapse.
Background: Febrile seizure are seizure that occur between the age of 6 month to 60 months with a temperature of 100.4f or higher, that are not the result of central nervous system infection or any metabolic imbalance and that occur in the absence of a history of prior afebrile seizure. Febrile seizures are the commonest cause of seizures in children, occuring in 2-5% of children. The maximum age of febrile convulsion occurrence is 14-18 months, which overlap with the maximum prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia which is 1-2 year old. 7 So far, the dilemma of cause of febrile seizure could not be solved. Standard text book still mention iron deficiency is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizure, thus screening for that problem and treating it appears appropriate.Methods: This case control study was done from June 2015 to December 2016. 60 cases of first episode of simple febrile seizure in age group of 6 month to 5 years were included in the study. A control group was selected from age and sex matched children admitted with febrile illness but without seizure. In all cases detailed clinical history, anthropometry, clinical sign of iron deficiency, CNS examination, CBC, PBF, Red cell indices, serum iron, serum ferritin and serum TIBC level was done. These were analysed in three groups mild, moderate, severe deficiency of anemia. A clinical correlation is tried to establish between overt and subtle iron deficiency with seizure.Results: Majority of subjects with first episode of simple febrile seizure were males (63.3%). Majority of cases of febrile seizure occur in the 6-24 months age group (83.3%). Incidence of anemia among case group subjects was 90.0% whereas the same in control group was 30 %. Mean RDW and TIBC levels in cases were significantly higher as compared to that in controls. MCV, Mean Serum ferritin and Serum Iron levels in cases were significantly lower as compared to that in controls.Conclusions: The findings in present study established an association between iron deficiency anemia and first episode of simple febrile seizures.
Background: Early diagnosis of hypertension in childhood is an important strategy in its control and hypertension may begin in childhood, perhaps even in infancy. Material and Method: A Cross-sectional study was carried out over a period from January 2016 to October 2016 conducted among total 1498 school going children of Ajmer belonging to the age group of 8 to 18 years of both genders. Result: Overall 14.82% children had elevated blood pressure. Prevalence of hypertension was higher in children of upper ages (>11 years) as compare to children of lower ages (<12 years). The difference was statistically significant. Almost equal percentage of children had elevated blood pressure in either gender. Positive family history was more often present in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive children (70.11%, 76.19% respectively) as compared to normotensive children (56.92%). Conclusion: Awareness of hypertension was very low. Periodic measurements should be done in schools to identify the high risk group of children and adolescents who can develop hypertension.
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