Objective The present study aimed to determine traditional and local food consumption and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cyprus. And also, aimed to improve their adherence to the Mediterranean diet and traditional and local food consumption. From this point, this current study aimed to revise the Cyprus Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, based on the Current Mediterranean Diet Pyramid. Methods The sample size was calculated as a minimum of 386 according to a 95.0% confidence interval, and a 5.0% error. This study was conducted online between November 2020-April 2021 in Cyprus. All volunteers were invited to this study on the national public internet platforms. Participant´s adherence to the Mediterranean diet was determined by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. Traditional and local food consumption frequencies were determined by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A novel Cyprus Mediterranean Diet Pyramid was developed with traditional and local food items for Cyprus. The modification was also aimed to safeguard planet health, to increase traditional food consumption and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results 1,007 adults (78.0% native islanders/Cypriots) participated voluntarily in the current study. The mean Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener score was 7.55±2.30 points and only 34.4% had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. According to their responses, there was a need to increase use of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, fish, and red wine consumption and to decrease red meat and dessert consumption. According to responses to the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and their traditional/local food consumption frequencies an up-to-date Cyprus Mediterranean Diet Pyramid was done hence a national food pyramid for Cyprus. Commonly consumed traditional and local foods were added to the pyramid to facilitate increased adaptation of the Mediterranean diet in the general population. Adequately consumed foods were added to make it more region-specific and rarely consumed foods were added to help to increase consumption. Conclusion This modification is believed to be instrumental to increase Mediterranean diet adaptation, traditional/local food consumption and decrease the impact of nutrition on the planet´s health. And also, this modification can shed light on the development of the other traditional food pyramids.
Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bir sağlık merkezine kayıtlı yaşlı hipertansiyon hastalarında, ‘Hipertansiyonu Önlemek için Diyet Yaklaşımları’na (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DASH) uyumun kan basıncı, antropometrik ölçümler ve diyetle alım üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 60 yaş üzeri 133 hipertansiyon hastası (%18 erkek) dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, bel çevresi, sistolik (SKB) ve diyastolik kan basıncı (DKB) ölçülmüştür. Hastaların diyetle alımını değerlendirmek için 24 saatlik geriye dönük besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Bireylerin DASH diyetine uyumu ‘düşük uyum: <4 puan’ ve ‘yüksek uyum: ≥4 puan’ şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: DASH skoru 3.1±0.8 ve DASH diyetine yüksek uyum gösteren bireylerin oranı %19.5’tir. DASH diyetine düşük ve yüksek uyum gösteren bireylerin SKB ve DKB değerleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Hem beden kütle indeksi, hem de kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinden biri olan bel/boy oranının her iki grup arasında benzer olduğu görülmüştür (p>0.05). DASH diyetine yüksek uyum gösteren bireylerde, düşük uyum gösteren bireylere göre sebze ve süt ürünleri gruplarının tüketim miktarları tüm bireylerde daha yüksek, meyve tüketimi yalnızca kadın bireylerde yüksek ve şeker tüketimi tüm bireylerde daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Erkeklerde, DASH diyetine yüksek uyum gösteren bireylerin posa, B2 vitamini, folik asit, potasyum, magnezyum ve çinko alımının; kadınlarda ise B2 vitamini, folik asit, C vitamini, potasyum, magnezyum, kalsiyum ve fosfor alımının düşük uyum gösteren gruptan anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Hem erkek hem de kadınlarda sodyum alımı yüksek uyum gösteren grupta anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Hipertansiyon hastası yaşlı bireylerde DASH diyetine yüksek uyumun kan basıncına olumlu etkisinin olmadığı ancak vücut ağırlığında artışın DKB düzeyinde artışla ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu hasta grubunda diyete uyumun genel olarak düşük olmasının, DASH diyetinin olumlu etki gösterememiş olmasında rolü olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
This study was planned to determine the relationship between neck circumference and obesity in children and adolescents. Method: The study sample consisted of 868 volunteer children and adolescents, 386 boys and 482 girls aged between 9-17 years. The data were collected by using face to face interviews by way of a questionnaire, then the measurements of body weight, height and neck circumference taken by dieticians. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and percentile classifications were made according to World Health Organization (WHO) reference values. The statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. Results: The average age of the children and adolescents participating in the study was 14.2±1.9 years. It was found that the 28.9% of students were overweight or obese (p=0.008). Girls were significantly more overweight or obese than boys (p=0.004). Correlations between neck circumference and BMI percentiles were found to be positively correlated in all age groups included in the study (r=0.627, p= 0.000). Conclusions: Neck circumference may be used for determining obesity in children and adolescents. It is also cost-effective and practical for large populations. More studies are needed in order to measure of neck circumference to be more effective we need to work more on a larger sample of the population.
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