Horse is an attractive commodity in the world of horse matches, both for horse racing and equistrian. Recently, Asian countries including Indonesia have conducted international horse races. Horse traffic from several countries is unavoidable. This movement can lead to the entry of new diseases or the transmission of imported horses from local horses. At present, data on horse disease in Indonesia has not been widely reported, including Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). This paper discusses EIA disease in horses about the etiology, characterization, spread of disease, its status in Indonesia and its treatment. EIA is a chronic disease characterized by high fever and thrombocytopenia. One of the factors that spread EIA infection, namely through traffic or horse movements. The highest risk factors for the spread of EIA disease are in the equestrian sector, followed by horse as a hobby, horse show or fattening horses for consumption. Wet environmental factors have higher risk to infection than dry areas. Applying the proper quarantine system, monitoring horse disease through surveillance, and implementing biosecurity at farms, location of events and at veterinary clinics, need to be done so that the entry of EIA disease can be anticipated as early as possible. This paper is expected to be useful and can be used as input for policy makers in the horse imports and movement.
Recently, the evidence of Hantavirus infection in human and animals is increasing, and new Hantavirus strain has been identified. The disease causes clinical renal and lung disorders and fatal to human. The presence of new Hantavirus strain, lack of available quick and accurate diagnostic tool, asymptomatic clinical signs and paucity of disease information, will inhibit disease control especially in the developing countries. The paper describes Hantavirus disease and its epidemiology in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia and its recommendation for disease prevention and control.
African horse sickness (AHS) is one of the important arbovirus diseases in horse. The disease is fatal and should be transmitted by vector. This disease is potential to spread rapidly and has impacts in public health and socio-economic, especially in the international trade of horses and its products. The paper describes AHS, some factors that influence the disease, how to control the disease and its current situation in Indonesia. African horse sickness has been declared as notifiable disease in OIE list, therefore, the disease becomes strategic in the country that has high horse population. Climate changes affect vector population and spreading of the disease. In order to anticipate the entering of AHS infection in Indonesia, the government needs to facilitate the research on horse diseases including the safe laboratory facilities to handle exotic diseases and provide diagnostic tool for early detection.
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