This paper attempts to explore the experiences of Bangladeshi patient with public health care services, clients self-perception of health, understanding their expectation and demands of health care towards government health practitioners and service providers. The study points out the issues and difficulties they faced in treatment or getting other services and presents some recommendations to improve the public hospital services.The study was undertaken using the interpretivist paradigm and based on qualitative research method with various data collection procedures, such as interview, focus group discussion (FGD), documentation survey, etc. were employed to collect necessary information. The data highlight a continuous cycle of marginalisation resulting from the interplay of health service providers and their business counterparts e.g. private pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic centres which reduce the opportunity of protecting patients' consumer rights at large scale. Therefore, the study suggests that policy makers and service providers should be more responsive to initiate effective policy measures and programmes to combat marginalisation and exclusion of that poor patient groups.

This paper is an outcome of reviewing different dimensions of social exclusion and challenges faced by people with disabilities (PWD) in Bangladesh and suggest some policy guidelines to promote inclusion of PWD into the development process. This paper is based on secondary sources of data and therefore, government, non-government organization’s study report, policy documents, journal articles, statistical report, research findings etc. were consulted to collect data and construct the paper. The paper describes the social exclusion of Bangladeshi PWD in the six broad areas e.g. income and assets, employment, education, health and social security, social relationship and recreation. Therefore, some key areas of policy implications are outlined for inclusion of PWD in Bangladesh which include the prospective way to address poverty, adopt active labor market policy, promoting social services and encouraging community based rehabilitation, providing counseling and other support services and utilizing the vision of user involvement etc.

The aim of the paper is to know the health care practices of adolescent girls living in the slum areas of Sylhet city, Bangladesh, understand their health and hygiene issues including treatment, pregnancy, menstruation, vaccination, housing, water and sanitation related challenges they face in their daily lives. The study was based on primary sources of data; however the secondary data e.g. official documents, books, journals, policy papers etc. were used to conduct the study. The study followed qualitative research approach and the case study method to generate sufficient primary data. The study reveals that adolescent girls of slum areas face some menstruation related physical health problems e.g. abdominal pain, irregularity in menstruation cycle, excessive bleeding etc. Sometimes the guardian and doctor do not give much importance on it. The study findings show that adolescent girls of slum areas face multiple health care challenges including low level of personal hygiene, carry on treatment cost, lack of appropriate water, housing and sanitation facilities, etc. The study also highlights that family poverty, behavior of doctors, high cost of medicine, illiteracy of guardian etc. are responsible factors for low uptake of health care services. Therefore, the study suggests for coordinated efforts from the government, local government and voluntary agencies to upgrade their service delivery system.

The aim of the paper is to know the health condition of adolescent girls living in the slum areas of Sylhet city, Bangladesh, understand their physical health problems, mental health issues and identify misconceptions and challenges etc. The study was based on primary sources of data; however the secondary data e.g. official documents, books, journals, policy papers etc. were used to conduct the study. The study followed qualitative research approach and the case study method to generate sufficient primary data. The study findings show that adolescent girls of slum areas face multiple health challenges including physical health problems, mental ill health, poverty etc. They suffer from different types of diseases e.g. headache, fever, cough and cold, gastric ulcer, diarrhea, asthma and allergy, jaundice, skin diseases etc. The study also highlights some misconceptions on menstruation which added another dimension of health challenges that they face in their daily lives. In addition, family poverty prevents them in taking nutritious food which is manifested in malnutrition, iron deficiency and other health complexities. Therefore, some key areas of policy recommendations are outlined for improving their health condition.

This paper reviews existing policies related to anti-racism and anti-discrimination at five major universities in Canada and assesses the equity initiatives undertaken by university authorities to promote greater access and inclusion of different ethnic minority groups. The study is based on secondary data sources. Therefore, policy papers, documents, study reports available in those universities, government policy and legislation, journals, and similar were consulted to construct the piece. Findings reveal that although the universities have some sort of anti-racism and anti-discrimination policies to combat racism and discrimination in their educational setting, they face challenges or limitations in adopting holistic and inclusive measures for the different ethnic and diverse minority groups studying there. The study argued for promoting discussions and responses to specific policies, programmes, and practices, including behaviours and attitudes in the institutional and professional contexts, for combating racism and discrimination. The findings may be helpful for academics, policymakers, and administrators to develop their understanding of institutional racism, identify challenges, and adopt policy measures to address it.