Introduction: Clinical doses of anaesthetic agents were administered to rabbits and effects on the brain, heart, and liver were investigated biochemically and histopathologically. Material and Methods: The rabbits were randomly divided into three main groups (16 rabbits each) and each group into study (n = 8) and control (n = 8) groups. All study group rabbits received 3 mg/kg of midazolam (M) intramuscularly. Group 1.1 (M) received nothing further, group 2.1 (MK) also received 25 mg/kg of ketamine, and group 3.1 (MKI) besides ketamine was also given 2% isoflurane to induce anaesthesia for 30 min. NaCl solution in the same volume as midazolam and ketamine was injected into the controls. Results: In clinical evaluation significant differences were detected in respiratory and heart rates. In blood gas analysis the PO2 and PCO2 values showed statistical differences in anaesthesia intervals. Significant biochemical value changes were recorded in creatine kinase-Mb, glucose, and total protein. Histopathological liver examinations revealed higher total apoptotic and normal cell numbers in the MK than in the M and MKI groups. Apoptotic cell numbers were statistically significant in M and MK groups. Conclusion: Anaesthetic agents may increase programmed apoptosis. The MKI anaesthetics combination was found to cause less cell destruction in general than the other study groups. It was indicated that MKI was the safer anaesthetic combination in rabbits.

The aim of this study was to determine of the effects of midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane anesthetic agents on tear production and intraocular pressure in rabbits. In this study twenty healthy (n=20) male white New Zealand rabbits (mean weight 2.20 ± 0.50 kg, age 16 weeks) were used. Anesthesia was performed intramuscular (IM) midazolam 3 mg/kg, and ketamine 30 mg/kg in group I. In second group (Group II), after midazolam and ketamine injections isoflurane 2% was used for general anesthesia. After anesthesia means intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased in both groups. Intraocular pressure in first group (Group I) was 10.3 ± 0.85 mmHg (right eyes), 11.4 ± 0.95 mmHg (left eyes) while it was 8.5 ± 0.85 mmHg (right eyes), 8.3 ± 0.85 mmHg (left eyes) n group II. The result of this study show that systemically used midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane anesthetic agents decrease IOP and tear secretion in rabbits.Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı; tavşanlarda midazolam, ketamin ve isofluran anestezik ajanların gözyaşı üretimi ve göziçi basıncı üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada yirmi adet (n = 20) sağlıklı, (ortalama ağırlıkları 2.20 ± 0.50 kg, yaşları 16 hafta) erkek Yeni Zelanda tavşanı kullanıldı. Birinci grupta intramuskuler (İM) midazolam 3mg/kg, ve ketamine İM 30 mg/ kg uygulanarak anestezi sağlandı. Ikinci grupta (Grup 2), midazolam ve ketamine enjeksiyonundan sonra genel anestezi için %2'lik İsofluran uygulandı. Anesteziden sonra her iki grupta da intraoküler basınç değerlerinde düşüşler görüldü. Birinci grupta (Grup I) göz içi basıncı sağ gözde 10.3 ± 0.85 mmHg ölçülürken, sol gözde 11.4 ± 0.95 mmHg olarak ölçüldü. İkinci grupta (Grup II) göziçi basıncı sağ gözde 8.5 ± 0.85 mmHg ölçülürken, sol gözde 8.3 ± 0.85 mmHg (sol göz) vardı. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda tavşanlarda sistemik olarak kullanılan midazolam, ketamin ve isofluran gibi anestezik ajanların GİB ve gözyaşı salgısını azalttığı görüldü.

In the present study; experimental defects were created in the rabbits at the urinary bladder and the repair of the defects with autogenous Fascia latae (FL) graft was provided. The aim was to evaluate whether the grafted urinary bladder capacity reached to the normal urinary bladder capacity. A total of 32, healthy male adult New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups, i.e. group I, II, III and IV (control) according to the duration of euthanasia. Bladder capacities of the rabbits were measured preoperatively. Experimentally 2x2 cm defects were induced in the urinary bladder of the rabbits and repaired with autogenous FL graft in the first three groups. The rabbits in the control group underwent no surgical application. Postoperative bladder capacities of rabbits in the groups were measured at the end of 4 th (group I), 8 th (group II) and 12 th (group III and IV), weeks before being euthanized. The urinary bladder capacities of control group were compared with those of the rabbits in the other groups. As a result, it was concluded that the autogenous Fascia latae graft might be used successfully in the urinary bladder with decreased capacity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility of a fascia lata autograft for urinary bladder tissue defect, to evaluate the biomechanical, radiographical, macroscopical, biochemical, and histopathological test findings, and early and late complications of the surgical processes in rabbits. Thirty two adult healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to 4 different groups of 8 animals. A 2 × 2 cm urinary bladder defect was repaired by the same size of fascia lata in experimental groups (Group 1, 2, 3). Rabbits in Group 1, 2 and 3 were euthanized at the end of the 4th, 8th and 12th week after surgeries, respectively. No surgical procedure was carried out for the urinary bladder of the rabbits in the control group, but their urinary bladders were used for biomechanical tests and the values compared with those of Group 1, 2 and 3. Histopathological examination of the grafted area was performed. The grafted area was consistent with that of the tissue of urinary bladder. No significant difference was found between the urinary bladder and the grafted area. No differences in biomechanical tests were recorded between grafted and ungrafted urinary bladders. Histopathologically, fascia lata turned into a normal urinary bladder tissue. Therefore, a fascia lata autograft can be succesfully used in urinary bladder defects. Fascia lata grafts can be used successfully in pathological conditions of the urinary bladder that require a new tissue.

In the present study, intraocular pressures (IOP) of 66 Buzzards (132 eyes), 20 Hawks (40 eyes), 13 Owls (26 eyes), 6 Eagles (12 eyes), 6 Kestrels (12 eyes), 4 Falcons (8 eyes), 2 Vultures (4 eyes), which referred to Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Clinic were evaluated. In the ophthalmologic examination there was no lesion detected related to eyes. The mean body weight raptors was 1.10±0.23 kg (Buzzards), 0.23±0.06 kg (Hawks), 0.27±0.10 (Owls), 3.30±0.80 kg (Eagles), 0,18±0.04 kg (Kestrels), 0,64±0,28 kg (Falcons) and 2.28±0.43 kg (Vultures). Rebound tonometer (Tonovet) was used for measurement of IOP. Mean intraocular pressures of right and left eyes were in Buzzards 25.87±0.62-26.61±0.71, Hawks 11.90±0.40-12.05±0.41, Owls 12.00±0.63-12.61±0.57, Eagles 29.00±2.89-30.33±2.87, Kestrels 11.75±0.17-10.83±0.47, Falcons 14.75±1.10-14.25±0.85 and Vultures 15.00±1.00-14.50±0.50. As a result of the study, repeated intraocular pressure measurements of raptors can be made by using rebound tonometer. In addition, the application of rebound tonometer is very easy to application do not require local anaesthetic. Therefore, raptors may be able to tolerate the application easily. The present data are considered to contribute to the literature.