Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common causes of death in diseases with septic shock.Oleuropein, one of the important components of olive leaf, has antioxidant and anti-in ammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oleuropein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced ALI in rats. Oleuropein was administered to rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 20 days and LPS was given through intratracheal administration to induce ALI. The study was terminated after 12 hours. The results showed that in the group treated with oleuropein; in ammatory cytokines and oxidative stress decreased in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage uid (BALF), and lung tissue, and there were signi cant improvements in the picture of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) caused by LPS in histopathological examination.Based on the ndings of the present study, oleuropein showed protective effects against LPS-induced ALI.

Asthma is an in ammatory disease that affects many people around the world, especially individuals of pediatric age. The effectiveness of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, was examined in the asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). MethodsFor this purpose, 4 groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed. Serum physiological was given to the control group for 21 days. OVA was given to OVA, OVA + Dexamethasone (Dexa) and OVA + tyrosol groups intraperitoneally and by inhalation. Additionally, 0.25 mg/kg Dexa was administered to the OVA + Dexa group and 20 mg/kg tyrosol to the OVA + Tyrosol group by oral gavage. Serum, blood, BALF uid and lung tissues of the rats were examined. Resultsit was observed that the MDA level decreased, GSH level and GPx activity increased, and there was no change in CAT activity in the tyrosol treatment groups. It was also observed that NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-, and IgE levels decreased compared to the OVA group. However, no effect on IL-1 β level was observed. In addition, it was determined that tyrosol treatment increased the IL-10 level. The results of the histopathological investigation of lung tissue showed that tyrosol signi cantly ameliorated OVA-induced histopathological lesions. Additionally, PAS staining showed that mucus hypersecretion was signi cantly reduced with the use of tyrosol. In addition, it was determined that the number of eosinophils decreased signi cantly. ConclusionsThe obtained results showed that tyrosol presented antioxidant and anti-in ammatory features on OVAinduced rats and preserved tissue architecture.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common causes of death in diseases with septic shock. Oleuropein, one of the important components of olive leaf, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oleuropein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. Oleuropein was administered to rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 20 days and LPS was given through intratracheal administration to induce ALI. The study was terminated after 12 hours. The results showed that in the group treated with oleuropein; inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress decreased in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue, and there were significant improvements in the picture of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) caused by LPS in histopathological examination. Based on the findings of the present study, oleuropein showed protective effects against LPS-induced ALI.

The protective effects of the ethanol extract of Smilax excelsa L. (SE) leaves were investigated on testicular tissue of rats with a torsion model in this study. The chemical composition of the extract was detected by means of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). SE extract was given for 21 days before torsion was created in the treatment group. The sperm parameters of the torsion group were impaired, and there was an increase in MDA level as well as a decrease in GSH level and GPx activity compared to the control group. TNF‐α and NF‐κB levels in the torsion group increased as compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of Nrf‐2 and HO‐1 were lower in the torsion group than those in the control group. The SE pretreatment group has improved sperm, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers when compared to the torsion group, and the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway was activated. Practical applications Smilax excelsa L. is a plant with economic value used in traditional medicine in the treatment of stomachache, bloating, and breast cancer in Northwest Anatolia. It has an antioxidant effect due to the flavonoids and anthocyanins it contains. The protective effect against ischemia–reperfusion‐induced tissue and reproductive damage in testicular tissue were demonstrated with the study. When the histological examinations of the tissues were evaluated, it was found that morphological structure of the tissues was retained in the treatment group. The findings indicate that SE prevents tissue damage in the torsion model by antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects and activating Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway.

Purpose Asthma is an inflammatory disease that affects many people around the world, especially individuals of pediatric age. The effectiveness of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, was examined in the asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Methods For this purpose, 4 groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed. Serum physiological was given to the control group for 21 days. OVA was given to OVA, OVA + Dexamethasone (Dexa) and OVA + tyrosol groups intraperitoneally and by inhalation. Additionally, 0.25 mg/kg Dexa was administered to the OVA + Dexa group and 20 mg/kg tyrosol to the OVA + Tyrosol group by oral gavage. Serum, blood, BALF fluid and lung tissues of the rats were examined. Results it was observed that the MDA level decreased, GSH level and GPx activity increased, and there was no change in CAT activity in the tyrosol treatment groups. It was also observed that NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-𝛾, and IgE levels decreased compared to the OVA group. However, no effect on IL-1 β level was observed. In addition, it was determined that tyrosol treatment increased the IL-10 level. The results of the histopathological investigation of lung tissue showed that tyrosol significantly ameliorated OVA-induced histopathological lesions. Additionally, PAS staining showed that mucus hypersecretion was significantly reduced with the use of tyrosol. In addition, it was determined that the number of eosinophils decreased significantly. Conclusions The obtained results showed that tyrosol presented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features on OVA-induced rats and preserved tissue architecture.