BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with cranberry (Vaccinum macrocarpon) on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin and selected markers of iron metabolism in rowers subjected to exhaustive exercise.MethodsThis double-blind study included 16 members of the Polish Rowing Team. The subjects were randomly assigned to the supplemented group (n = 9), receiving 1200 mg of cranberry extract for 6 weeks, or to the placebo group (n = 7). The participants performed a 2000-m test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory camp. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein prior to each exercise test, one minute after completing the test, and after a 24-h recovery period. The levels of hepcidin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), ferritin, iron, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and myoglobin were determined, along with total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), unbound iron-binding capacity (UIBC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).ResultsBoth prior and after the supplementation, a significant post-exercise increase in the concentration of IL-6 was observed in both groups. At the end of the study period, cranberry-supplemented athletes presented with significantly higher resting, post-exercise and post-recovery levels of TAC than the controls. However, a significant exercise-induced increase in the concentrations of TNF-alpha, myoglobin and hepcidin was observed solely in the control group.ConclusionSupplementation with cranberry extract contributed to a significant strengthening of antioxidant potential in individuals exposed to strenuous physical exercise. However, supplementation did not exert direct effects on other analyzed parameters: inflammatory markers and indices of iron metabolism (TNF-alpha, hepcidin and myoglobin).
Background and Study Aim: The physical structure is considered as one of the elements for sporting success. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of somatotype characters on selected physical performance parameters. Material and Methods: This study was included 150 males (age: 22.10±2.46 years) participants who do not have habit of regular exercise. The somatotype characters of participants were determined and physical performance tests (30 m sprint, vertical jump, anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, and flexibility) were measured as an experimental design. Results: As a result of the research, 9 different somatotype subgroups were identified. In this study, the statistically significant was found between groups in terms of explosive force, aerobic and anaerobic power output (p<0.05). We found no significant between groups in terms of flexibility (p=0.670), relative anaerobic peak (p=0.560) and mean power output (p=0.077). The results were obtained in favor of mesomorph-endomorph structure in terms of absolute peak and mean power, while mesomorph and ectomorph component contributed positively to explosive force and aerobic capacity scores.Conclusion: Our study highlighted the fact that the subgroups of somatotype have an effect on performance parameters. The body-performance relationship can be examined in detail with more participants representing each somatotype group.
It is known that there is a strong correlation between agility performance and match performance in terms of soccer players. Moreover, it is expressed that the agility and the linear sprint have different performance skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between linear sprint and change of direction performance scores and to determine the most appropriate agility test for soccer players. 16 male soccer players (age: 21.93±3.62 years, height: 175.06±3.06 cm, body mass: 69.51±7.40 kg, body mass index: 22.67±2.16 kg/m 2 , body fat ratio: 7.52±2.64 %) participated in linear sprint and agility tests. All participants completed a test battery involving linear sprinting (10, 20, 30 m), agility tests (T test, 505, Pro-agility, illinois). The 10, 20, and 30 m sprint performance were positively correlated with performance on the illinois agility test (p<0.05). Furthermore, the 20 m sprint performance were positively significant correlated (r=.571, p=.042) with performance on pro-agility test. Lastly, the 10, 20, and 30m sprint performance were positively correlated (r=.329, p=.272; r=.370, p=.214; r=.338, p=.259 respectively) with performance on T test but this correlation levels were not significance. Given these meaningless relationships, it may state that the one of the most appropriate agility tests is T test for soccer players. This study provides support for the use of T test as an agility performance test in soccer players.
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of different stretching protocols on flexibility, Yo-Yo IR-1 and repeated sprint performance. The sample group of this study consists of 15 male who were doing regular exercise at least 3 years. This group performed 5 different stretching protocols on non-consecutive days. Stretching protocols were determined as follows: light jogging for only 5 minutes (NS), light jogging and static strectching (SS), light jogging and dynamic stretching (DS), light jogging and static + dynamic stretching (SDS), light jogging and dynamic + static stretching (DSS). Altough participants did not have a statistically significant effect on flexibility performance (p> 0.05), the best flexibility value was SS. Repeated sprint performance (best) values of different stretching protocols did not have statistically significant effect on repeated sprint performance (moderate, worst, decline, post fatigue index) values (p> 0.05). Repeated sprint performance was found to have a statistically significant effect on Borg values and HR mean values (p <0.05). It was found that Yo-Yo IR-1 has a statistically significant effect on BORG values, Yo-Yo IR-1 performance HR (pre) values, Yo-Yo IR-1 performance HR (middle) values and Yo-Yo IR-1 performance lactate values (p<0.05). According to the findings obtained as a result of the research; it has been observed that different stretching protocols have different effects in terms of repeated sprint, flexibility and Yo-Yo IR-1 performance parameters. Overall, these results suggest that flexibility performance may be improve after static stretching exercise.
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