This research aimed to design a scale for measuring pre-service teachers’ environmental consciousness. A systematic literature review was carried out to develop initial items for measuring pre-service teachers’ environmental consciousness. A total of 64 items were finalized for the scale under five parts, with seventeen items under knowledge, attitude, pedagogies, beliefs, and practices of pre-service teachers regarding environmental consciousness. Through a survey, this scale was administered to 362 pre-service teachers from public sector universities offering teacher education programs in Punjab. The validity of the scale is ensured through expert opinion, and reliability (inter-item consistency) is confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha test. The reliability value was found to be .863 for items on the scale. Validity and reliability were statistically tested by conducting exploratory factor analysis. Values of factor loading range from a maximum of .800 to .501. After exploratory factor analysis, a total of 23 items were removed, and the final scale consisted of 41 items. The final scale indicates appropriate reliability and validity regarding five factors related to environmental consciousness. Theoretically, this scale contributes significantly to identifying and measuring the environmental consciousness of pre-service teachers. The scale for environmental consciousness of pre-service teachers could be useful for understanding the environment and also helpful in investigating relation relationship among different variables regarding environmental consciousness.
<span lang="EN-US">The study aimed at determining the personality traits of extroversion and introversion of school leadership and evaluating their organizational management in Federal Government Educational Institutions (FGEIs). A quantitative research design along with a positivist paradigm was followed. The total population consisted of 68 school principals and 592 teachers of FGEIs in the Gujranwala, Fazaia, and Lahore Regions from which 54 principals and 381 teachers were selected using a random sampling technique. Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) was deployed to collect information about personality traits and data regarding organizational management, the researchers used a self-developed questionnaire. Pearson correlation r and t-tests were deployed for inferential stats. The results showed that extrovert school leaders perform their duties well as they hold a clear concept of the vision and mission of the organization, set up an accepted procedure to plan short-term and long-term goals, share responsibilities with all stakeholders following their skills, and ensure the smooth functioning of the school with the help of all stakeholders. In comparison, introverted school principals show less interest in the organizational management of their schools. Moreover, organizational management of school leadership has a positive correlation with the personality trait of extroversion and a significant difference can be seen in organizational management of an extrovert and an introvert school principal. It was recommended that the performance indicators and standards of school principals should be effectively communicated to school leadership. Introvert school leadership should be provided with the necessary psychological training to reduce this shortcoming of personality.</span>
Many epithelial cancers overexpress the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2, which is thought to be the cause of NSAIDs' antitumor effects. While ketoprofens (Ket) are well-known NSAIDs and analgesics, their anticancer potential has not yet gotten much attention, despite the fact that they are used to treat mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. Effective drugs can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive to introduce in a traditional or customary method. Contrarily, computer-aided drug design, commonly referred to as in silico drug design, is a relatively recent method for high-throughput screening of a vast database of chemicals. By producing hits for lead compounds in less time and at a lower cost, the in silico virtual screening technique assists in the development of innovative medications. The compound 1 shows the least binding energy value which − 9.9 while compound 2 shows the highest which is -7.7. The overall purpose of this study is to assess the potential of different ketoprofen amides and to determine the effectiveness of these amides on the target protein COX-2 (PDB ID: 3Q7D). Additionally, this research compares and characterizes the ADMET profiles of the target ligands, ketoprofen amides. The drug score revealed that ketoprofens adhere to all regulations, are not hazardous, and are carcinogenic.
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