The condition monitoring of piston–cylinder‐reciprocating machinery usually relies on vibration and acoustic sensors installed on the outer surface of cylinders. However, vibration and acoustic signals are susceptible to external interference from other accessories, and require an external power supply, which limits its widespread application. Herein, based on the lateral sliding mode of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a novel reciprocating device with condition‐monitoring and self‐powering capabilities is proposed, called piston–cylinder triboelectric nanogenerator (PCTN). The effects of different factors, including mean piston speed, number of piston rings, materials of piston ring and cylinder, on the output characteristics of PCTN are investigated, respectively. Two typical fault cases, that is, piston ring missing and coil fracture, are investigated to verify the condition‐monitoring capability of PCTN. Piston ring missing faults can be effectively identified based on the variations in peak and root‐mean‐square (RMS) values of short‐circuit current (I
sc). Coil fracture faults can be identified and located by analyzing changes in time–domain curve and time–‐frequency spectrum of I
sc. Herein, a theoretical and experimental basis for the widespread application of PCTN in reciprocating machinery is provided.
This article intends a hybrid energy harvesting shock absorber design which comprehends energy harvesting of automobile suspension vibration dissipation. A mathematical model of the energy harvesting prototype is established, and simulation results show that the dissipation energy can be recovered by varying the feed module, thereby got the damping forces ratio at different compression and extension stroke. The energy conversion from hydraulic energy to mechanical energy mainly then mechanical energy converted into electrical energy furthermore we can rechange our battery from this recovered energy. The advanced mathematical model and prototype proposed maximum ride comfort meanwhile recovered the suspension energy and fuel saving. This article shows the simulation results verifying it with prototype test results. The damping force of expansion stroke is higher than the damping force of compression stroke. The damping characteristics curves and speed characteristics curves verify the validity by simulation and prototyping damper at different amplitudes of off-road vehicles. The Hydraulic Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber (HESA) prototype characteristic is tested in which 65 watts recovered energy at 1.67 Hz excitation frequency. So, 14.65% maximum energy recovery efficiency got at 20 mm rod diameter and 8 cc/rev motor displacement. The damping characteristics of the HESA prototype examined and it has ideal performance as the standard requirements of the National Standard QC/T 491–1999.
Theoretical investigation of optical properties of a metallic sphere coated with uniform layer of anisotropic dielectric material is conducted by studying its polarizability, scattering cross section, absorption, and extinction cross section. The dispersive characteristics of metal (tungsten/silver/gold) are mathematically modeled through well known Lorentz-Drude model. A detailed analysis of the behaviors of polarizability, scattering cross-section, absorption, and extinction cross section is carried out for different specific values of the radius and components of the tensor permittivity. The impact of variation of different parameters on location and magnitude of the surface plasmon resonance is highlighted.
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