MAA was responsible for conceptualization, methodology, and writing of the original draft. AA was responsible for visualization, supervision, and validation. HC was responsible for data curation, reviewing, and editing. WA was responsible for data curation and writing of the original draft. SA was responsible for data curation and writing of the original draft. MYA was responsible for data curation, writing, reviewing, editing, and software. AK was responsible for data curation and methodology.

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Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract. It can rarely metastasize to the lung, presenting as a pulmonary nodule and pleural effusion. Here we present a case of a 76-year-old female with a history of endometrial cancer who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and came one year later for evaluation of shortness of breath. She was found to have pleural effusion. Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis was positive for malignant cells originating from endometrial cancer. The patient could not tolerate chemotherapy due to poor functional status, and a tunnel pleural catheter was placed for symptomatic relief. In conclusion, it is a rare finding of malignant pleural effusion to have an origin as endometrial cancer. Pleura is the rare distant site of involvement from endometrial cancer.

Background: Normal saline solution (NSS) has been the fluid of choice for renal transplant patients, but it can lead to hyperchloremic acidosis and hyperkalemia. This study was performed to compare the safety profile of low-chloride solutions with that of NSS in renal transplant patients. Methods: We conducted a systemic review search on PubMed, Embase, and the Central Cochrane Registry. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and matched cohort studies involving NSS as the control arm and low-chloride solutions as an intervention arm were chosen. The standardized mean difference for continuous variables, the odds ratio (OR) for discrete variables, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for effect sizes were used. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analysis was performed using a random-effects model irrespective of heterogeneity, which was evaluated using I 2 statistics. Results: Nine RCTs and one cohort study with a total of 726 patients were included. After transplantation, serum potassium was significantly lower in the low-chloride group (standardized mean difference compared to NSS group, -0.38 mEq/L; 95% CI, -0.66 to -0.11; p = 0.007). Similarly, postoperative chloride was lower in the low-chloride group (-2.41 mEq/L [-3.34 to -1.48], p < 0.001). No statistically significance was observed in delayed graft function (OR,, p = 0.93), day 3 creatinine (-0.14 mg/dL [-0.46 to 0.18], p = 0.38), or day 7 urine output (-0.08 L [-0.29 to 0.12], p = 0.43). Conclusion: Use of NSS during renal transplant leads to increased incidence of hyperchloremic acidosis with subsequent hyperkalemia, but clinical significance in the form of delayed graft function or postoperative creatinine remains comparable to that of low-chloride solutions.

Propeller aircrafts have had many ups and downs throughout their use in the aviation history. Due to the current economic recession and price hikes in fuels, propeller aircrafts may yet again be a choice for aerial transport and has thus re-emerged as an active area for research. On modern propeller aircrafts old aluminum propellers are being replaced with fiber reinforced composite propellers. However, owing to their reliability, strength, and integrity, aluminum propellers are still used in military aircrafts. One of the challenges that engineers of these aircraft-type have had to deal with is the non-availability of engineering drawings of these propellers. It is practically impossible to carry out any study, research or modification on such propellers in the absence of correct CAD data. This article proposes a methodology wherein a CAD model of a C-130 aircraft propeller blade can be constructed using reverse engineering techniques. Such a model would help in future aerodynamic as well as structural analyses which includes investigation on structural integrity and the fluid dynamics characteristics of propeller blades. Different steps involved in this process are discussed; starting from laser scanning to obtain the cloud of points data and subsequently generating a CAD model in a commercial CAD software. The model is then imported into an analysis software where quality surface meshes are generated using tetrahedral elements. The purpose is to prepare a meshed model for future computational analysis including CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and FE (Finite Element) analysis. ABSTRAK: Pesawat bebaling mempunyai tempoh pasang surutnya sepanjang penggunaanya dalam sejarah penerbangan. Kini disebabkan oleh kemelesetan ekonomi dan kenaikan harga minyak, pesawat bebaling mungkin akan merupakan pengangkutan udara pilihan dan seterusnya muncul semula sebagai ruangan aktif penyelidikan. Pada pesawat bebaling moden, bebaling aluminium yang lama digantikan dengan bebaling komposit yang diperkuatkan gentian. Namun, disebabkan oleh keupayaan, kekuatan dan integritinya, bebaling aluminium masih diguna pakai bagi pesawat tentera. Salah satu cabaran jurutera bagi pesawat jenis ini, adalah apabila berhadapan dengan tidak adanya lukisan kejuruteraan bagi bebaling ini. Agak mustahil untuk menjalankan sebarang ujian, kajian atau modifkasi terhadap bebaling jenis ini kerana tidak adanya data yang tepat daripada Reka Bentuk Berbantukan Komputer (CAD). Artikel ini mencadangkan metodologi di mana model Reka Bentuk Berbantukan Komputer (CAD) bagi kipas bebaling pesawat C-130 boleh dibina menggunakan teknik kejuruteraan balikan. Model sebegini akan bakal dapat membantu bidang aerodinamik di masa hadapan. Begitu juga dengan analisis struktur yang melibatkan penyelidikan terhadap integriti struktur dan ciri-ciri dinamik bendalir kipas bebaling.  Beberapa proses berbeza diperbincangkan; bermula dengan imbasan laser untuk memperolehi poin kumpulan data dan seterusnya menjanakan model Reka Bentuk Berbantukan Komputer (CAD) dengan menggunakan pengaturcara komersil. Model kemudiannya diimport ke dalam pengaturcara analisis di mana jejaring permukaan dijanakan dengan menggunakan unsur tetrahedron. Ini bertujuan bagi menyediakan model jejaring untuk analisis berkomputer di masa hadapan, termasuklah analisis CFD (Gambar Rajah Aliran Kawalan) dan FE (Unsur Terhingga).KEYWORDS: reverse engineering; cloud data; laser scanning; CAD modeling; propeller blade

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired antibody or cell-mediated platelet damage or decreased platelet production. Steroids, IV immunoglobulins (IVIG), and Rho-anti-D antibodies are the commonly used initial treatments for ITP. However, many ITP patients either do not respond or do not maintain a response to initial therapy. Splenectomy, rituximab, and thrombomimetics are the commonly used second-line treatment. More treatment options include tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKI), including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. This review aims to assess the safety and efficacy of TKIs. Methods: Literature was searched on PubMed, Embase, WOS, and clinicaltrials.gov using keywords, “tyrosine kinase” and “idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura”. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results: In total, 4 clinical trials were included with 255 adult patients with relapsed/refractory ITP. In all, 101 (39.6%) patients were treated with fostamatinib, 60 (23%) patients with rilzabrutinib, and 34 (13%) with HMPL-523. Patients treated with fostamatinib achieved a stable response (SR) and overall response (OR) in 18/101 (17.8%) and 43/101 (42.5%) of the patients, respectively, while SR and OR were achieved in 1/49 (2%) and 7/49 (14%) of the patients, respectively, in the placebo group. Patients treated with HMPL-523 (300 mg dose expansion) achieved an SR and OR in 5/20 (25%) and 11/20 (55%) of the patients, respectively, while SR and OR were achieved in 1/11 (9%) of the patients treated with the placebo. Patients treated with rilzabrutinib achieved an SR in 17/60 (28%) patients. Dizziness (1%), hypertension (2%), diarrhea (1%), and neutropenia (1%) were serious adverse events in fostamatinib patients. Rilzabrutinib or HMPL-523 patients did not require a dose reduction due to drug-related adverse effects. Conclusions: Rilzabrutinib, fostamatinib, and HMPL-523 were safe and effective in the treatment of relapsed/refractory ITP.