Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract. It can rarely metastasize to the lung, presenting as a pulmonary nodule and pleural effusion. Here we present a case of a 76-year-old female with a history of endometrial cancer who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and came one year later for evaluation of shortness of breath. She was found to have pleural effusion. Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis was positive for malignant cells originating from endometrial cancer. The patient could not tolerate chemotherapy due to poor functional status, and a tunnel pleural catheter was placed for symptomatic relief. In conclusion, it is a rare finding of malignant pleural effusion to have an origin as endometrial cancer. Pleura is the rare distant site of involvement from endometrial cancer.
Percutaneous tracheostomy is a bedside surgical procedure that creates an opening in the anterior tracheal wall. Tracheostomy is performed in patients expected to require mechanical ventilation for longer than seven to 10 days. This bedside percutaneous tracheostomy has been used since the late 1990s. Tracheotomy tubes are of various kinds like cuffed vs. uncuffed, fenestrated vs. unfenestrated, single lumen vs. double lumen, and metal vs. plastic. Its indications are categorized into emergency vs. elective. The most common emergency indication is acute airway obstruction, and the elective indication is prolonged intubation. There is no absolute contraindication, but a physician should consider severe hypoxia requiring high oxygen and coagulopathy. Percutaneous tracheostomy is a new technique requiring different skills. Advantages of percutaneous tracheostomy are as follows -it is performed at the bedside, procedural time is less, the cost is less, does not need operating schedule time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is generally performed by otolaryngologists, general surgeons, interventional pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, or intensivists.
Rationale: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an uncommon subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). M3v phenotype is a less common presentation of APL and these patients usually present with leukocytosis and abnormal promyelocytes that are characterized by sparse granulation and are less likely to have faggot cells with multiple Auer rods. Distinguishing M3v phenotype from acute febrile illness can be challenging as the diagnosis relies on examination of peripheral smear. Patient concerns: Fifty-seven-year-old female who presented after recent trip to Dominican Republic for high grade fever and gum bleeding. She was exposed to patients with Dengue fever during her stay. At presentation, patient had leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and urinalysis showing bacteria and white cell. She was started on treatment for urinary tract infection. Patient remained febrile and thrombocytopenia worsened. On day 2, flow cytometry of the peripheral smear showed 43% medium sized blasts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with APL. Interventions: Patient was started on treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide along with supportive care Outcomes: Patient had a favorable clinical response and her symptoms subsided. Lessons: Flow cytometry of the peripheral smear is key to diagnosis of suspected APL. One must maintain high suspicion for this life-threatening condition as early diagnosis saves lives.
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