Dengue viral infection (DVI) is a debilitating arthropod-borne disease that has been rapidly spread in several regions of the world in recent years. The spectrum of disease varies from mild self-limiting illness to dengue fever (DF) to more severe and fulminating forms, i.e., dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS),and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS). The pathogenesis of EDS is not clear amid lack of studies on animal models. In the absence of in vitro experiments, disease spectrum is difficult to be elucidated and mimicked for humans.Recent advances on research on atypical complications of EDS demonstrate the involvement of other major organs such as the kidney, lung, heart, and central nervous system. Histopathological findings demonstrate the presence of hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory infiltrates in these organs.The spectrum of Dengue viral infection varies from mild self-limiting illness to dengue fever to more severe and fulminating forms, i.e., dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and expanded dengue syndrome. Apart from the classical presentation, dengue infection can result in a myriad of unusual clinical manifestations, which are grouped under the title expanded dengue syndrome. These findings urge more focused and comprehensive investigations to explore such relationships so that high-risk patients could be identified immediately during their presentation to the hospitals.Keywords: Expanded dengue syndrome, Pathogenesis, Organ-specific manifestation
Introduction: As a tropical country, Indonesia has the potential to influence the characteristics of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to see how the pattern of pneumonia on various weather components such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature.Methods: This study was carried by retrospective screening in the infectious ward in one of the tertiary referral hospitals.Results: A total of 876 cases of pneumonia from eight treatment rooms were included in the study. The highest pneumonia cases occurred in February with 239 (27.2%) cases followed in April and May with 169 (19.2%) and 159 (18.2%) cases respectively. After microbiological examination, bacterial growth was found in 191 cases. The highest number of bacteria was found in February with 62 (32%), followed by May with 33 (17.2%) and April with 31 (16.2%) samples. Most of the bacterial grown were gram-negative (94.3%), dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae (35%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii 17.2% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12%. On the examination of antibiotic sensitivity, it was found that amikacin has a consistently high sensitivity (90%) for pneumonia caused by most bacterial causes (Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli).Conclusion: The study did not show any remarkable bacterial patterns based on weather components such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature during the rainy season. However, increasing the surveillance period will provide a better insight into the bacterial pattern and can compare it in the rainy and dry seasons.
Introduction: Service quality of primary healthcare centre especially at HIV testing services must be improved. When the service quality is improved there will be a positive feedback such as patient’s satisfaction. Within the high patient satisfaction rate, People Living with HIV (PLWH) are expected to be more active, productive and also invited friends to check themselves, so the iceberg phenomenon will be revealed and prevention will be easier to control.Methods: This research used observational analytic design with purposive sampling method. The total research sample was 189 respondent, assess the questionnaire that consisted of five dimensions of service quality which were tangible, reliability, responsiveness, empathy and assurance, and also three indicators of patient satisfaction which were overall satisfaction, expectation and experience.Results: Among 189 respondents, mostly male with 129 responses or 68.3%, according to age group, mostly from 20-25 years old age group with 88 responses or 46.6% and according to time visit, mostly first visit patient with 162 responses or 85.8%. According to service quality, mostly categorized in a good group with 173 respondents or 91.5%. In patient satisfaction, mostly were categorized in a satisfy group with 157 respondents or 81.5%, There was a positive correlation between service quality and patient satisfaction with p value <0.01 and correlation coefficient 0.632.Conclusion: There is a correlation between every dimension of service quality which are tangible, reliability, responsiveness, empathy and assurance with patient satisfaction of HIV testing services patient in Kedungdoro Primary Health Care Surabaya
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