Vanadium (V) as minor concentration is present in various plants and extensively found in soils. The current study was established to assess the response of rice seedlings to different V concentrations and also investigated its toxic effect on growth, photosynthetic assimilation, relative chlorophyll content, SPAD index, ion leakage, enzyme activities, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), and cell death. The rice seeds were sown in Petri dishes for 8 days, and after that, rice seedlings were grown hydroponically in a climate-controlled growth chamber. After 15 days of V-treatment, antioxidant enzyme activities, H 2 O 2 , protein contents, photosynthetic assimilation, relative chlorophyll content, and cell death were determined by utilizing the Spectrophotometer (Lambda 25 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer), and V accumulation (roots and shoots) was determined by GFAAS (GTA 120). The obtained results showed that all V concentrations significantly decreased the biomass (dry and fresh) and root growth as a result of the reduction in total root length, root tips, root fork, root surface area, and root crossing, and V was more accumulated in roots than shoots. Besides this, enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced under V stress. The findings also confirmed that seedling exposed to V stress had lower tolerance indices, photosynthetic activity, and protein contents while the ion leakage was consistently increased by increasing the V concentrations. The viability of plant cells severely damaged in response to high V stress, and H 2 O 2 induction might be responsible for cell death. Generally, all V doses had a drastic effect on enzyme activities and caused cell death of rice plans. Moreover, the current study demonstrated that V ≥ 35 mg L −1 caused damaging effects on rice plants.

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Entomology Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, Various type of sticky traps is frequently used for monitoring the sucking pests like jassid, aphid, whitefly, and thrips. Light traps and pheromones traps are species specific and commonly used for capturing the moths such as Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis. The sucking and chewing are very destructive pests of various crops such as cotton, cabbage, brinjal, okra, tomato and onion all over the world, Insect pests are controlled by various methods but insecticides are commonly used method to control these pests. A filed experiment was conducted to determine the attraction of insect pests to different sticky traps like red, blue, yellow, orange, pale yellow-green and white while light and pheromone traps also installed to capture the Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis moths during 2019. The study showed that that yellow sticky traps were the most effective for monitoring and managing thrips and whiteflies in cotton crops. In brinjal crop, the highest adult population of thrips, whitefly, jassid, and aphid was 139, 13, 29 and 13 per card, respectively were recorded on green traps. Light traps and pheromone traps were proved effective control against chewing insect pests especially Spodoptera litura followed by Helicoverpa armigera and Leucinodes orbonalis. The current study concluded that eco-friendly and natural approaches such as use of traps are helpful in pest management on agricultural crops.