Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization influence on alfalfa yield, nutritive value, and resource use efficiency in an arid environment

Kamran, Muhammad; Yan, Zhengang; Jia, Qianmin; Chang, Shenghua; Ahmad, Irshad; Ghani, Muhammad Usman; Hou, Fujiang

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108587

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was measured in a fiber analyzer (2000, Ankom, America) using the paradigm detergent fiber analysis method ( Van Soest et al., 1991 ). The relative feeding value (RFV) was calculated using the following formulae ( Kamran et al., 2022 ; Kamran et al., 2023 ):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China is among the countries with high nitrogen fertilizer usage in the world, with the average annual nitrogen fertilizer application accounting for about 30% of global nitrogen fertilizer usage (Li et al, 2003). Undeniably, nitrogen application is essential for improving the yield and quality of different crops (Varga et al, 2007;Izsaki, 2007;Kamran et al, 2022;Kamran et al, 2023). According to Ayub et al (2009), the highest fresh yield (67.14 t ha -1 ) and hay yield (19.83 t ha -1 ) were achieved with the nitrogen application rate of 180 kg ha -1 .…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Forage Yield Quality and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early autumn period, when nitrogen was applied to the grassland, the crude protein content of the forage is greater by about 20%. The combination of higher crude protein content and lower neutral detergent fiber content can further improve the nutritional quality of the forage (Meńdez et al, 2019;Kamran et al, 2022). Tomićet al (2011 found that fertilization significantly increased the crude protein yield of monoculture and mixed grassland by 194.1 and 323.2 kg ha -1 respectively when compared with no fertilization.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Forage Yield Quality and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grass-legume mixture and nitrogen application improve yield, quality, and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of grazed pastures in the loess plateau

Shi

Kamran

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Grazing on cultivated grassland is a green agricultural model. However, in China's Loess Plateau, the type of cultivated grassland suitable for grazing and the amount of nitrogen application is still unclear, which has led to the failure of this model to be widely implemented. In this context, we set up an experiment using three grass planting types, including monoculture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), monoculture of brome (Bromus inermis L.), and mixed planting of the two forages. Under each planting type, there were six management measures: grazing and no nitrogen application (GN1), grazing and 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen application (GN2), grazing and 160 kg ha-1 nitrogen application (GN3), cutting and no nitrogen application (MN1), cutting and 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen application (MN2), and cutting and 160 kg ha-1 nitrogen application (MN3). To explore the impacts of these treatments on pastures, we studied the effects on the yield, quality, and water use efficiency of the three cultivated grasslands. Results showed that alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-brome mixed sowing grassland resulted in significantly higher hay yield, crude protein yield, water use efficiency (WUE), precipitation use efficiency (PUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) as compared to brome monoculture grassland. In addition, the crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash content of alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-brome mixture were increased significantly while the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were reduced, thereby increasing the relative feed value (RFV) during the two years. The forage hay yield, crude protein yield, ether extract, crude ash content, RFV, PUE, and WUE were significantly higher with GN1, GN2, and GN3 treatments than that with MN1 treatment. In contrast, the NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content was significantly lower than the MN1 treatment. Furthermore, the fresh forage yield, crude protein yield, PUE, and WUE of GN3 treatment were significantly higher than that of GN1 and GN2 treatments in both years, while the NUE and AEN were significantly higher in GN2 and GN3 treatments than that of MN3 treatment. Based on these results, alfalfa-brome mixed cropping with the application of 160 kg ha-1 nitrogen under grazing conditions is an appropriate management practice for improving the forage yield, quality, and water- and nitrogen utilization efficiency of cultivated grassland in the Loess Plateau of China. This integrated management model is applicable to the cultivation and utilization of mixed grassland on nutrient-poor land in the Loess Plateau.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Forage Yield Quality and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Forage Yield Quality and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grass-legume mixture and nitrogen application improve yield, quality, and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of grazed pastures in the loess plateau

Shi

Kamran

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Available fiber components include acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nutrient detergent fiber (NDF); both reduce the forage quality of alfalfa hay ( Adjesiwor et al., 2017 ; Mao et al., 2018 ). The alfalfa stem is the organ that accomplishes more regrowth when mowed or rewatered ( Staniak and Harasim, 2018 ; Kamran et al., 2022 ). Stems also have higher ADF and NDF concentrations than other organs ( Mao et al., 2018 ; Lemaire and Belanger, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage quality and physiological performance of mowed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) subjected to combined light quality and drought

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) can dwell in water-deficient habitats, where it is difficult to predict dry mass (DM) production and forage quality due to understory transmittance. Mowing is a recommended practice for alfalfa populations under drought, but its effect on forested land receives less attention. In a controlled indoor experiment, we found that drought better reduces shoot DM weight and crude fiber content (CFi) in blue light (33.7% red, 48.5% green, and 17.8% blue lights) than red light (71.7% red, 13.7% green, and 14.6% blue lights). Mowing decreases carbon (C) isotope signature (δ13C), CFi, and total C content in shoots but increases their accumulations in DM, nonstructural carbohydrates, and crude fat content (CFa). The results also demonstrated that mown alfalfa has higher starch content when exposed to green light (26.2% red, 56.4% green, and 17.4% blue lights) compared to the other two spectra. Multiple factorial regression indicated that higher soluble sugar content accounted for the increase of CFa and DM weight for CFi. Overall, mowing in blue-light–enriched understory stands is recommended and produces high-forage–quality alfalfa, which can be used as a lowered crude fiber component.

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“…While I 9d treatment increased the NDF and ADF contents of alfalfa, the seasonal deficit irrigation did not affect these structural carbohydrate contents. A higher amount of irrigation could increase NDF and ADF content as long as the nitrogen supply is sufficient (Kamran et al, 2022) but these contents were lower for the higher amount of precipitation in our study because no nitrogen fertilizers were applied. The rate of P fertilizer slightly affected NDF and ADF contents.…”

Section: Fiber Content (Ndf and Adf)mentioning

confidence: 52%

Irrigation and Phosphorus Management of Alfalfa Under Semi-Arid Conditions

ERKOVAN

İleri

Erkovan

et al. 2022

Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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The frequency of irrigation and deficit irrigation management are drawing attention because water resources are becoming limited year by year, especially in the last decade. Besides, the rate and application time of P fertilization gained more importance just after the researchers found out it is more effective than N-fertilizing for alfalfa cultivation. This study aimed to determine the effects of different irrigation managements (seasonal deficit, intervals of 5, 7, and 9 days), phosphorus application season (autumn and spring), and the rate of P fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) on the yield and forage quality of alfalfa. The experiment was conducted in the 2019-2020 years, which was the 3rd and the 4th years of alfalfa respectively, under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. The stand height and fiber content (NDF) were higher in the autumn application. However, forage contained more nitrogen in the spring application. A higher amount of water (800 mm) with higher irrigation frequency (5 days – I5d) caused a reduction in yield due to water excess. The yield was the highest (21.34 t ha-1) and the forage quality was better in 448 mm water application with 9 days intervals (I9d). Seasonal deficit water management caused a significant loss in yield and quality. Nevertheless, 18.04 t ha-1 dry matter yield with 24.05 % CP content was recorded at seasonal deficit water management. P fertilization increased the yield and forage quality. The yield was the highest (20.23 t ha-1) at the rate of 90 kg ha-1 P fertilizer, but yield and forage quality characteristics were similar between 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1 P. The results showed that P fertilization could be done in both autumn and spring at the rate of 30 kg ha-1 and 448 mm water could be applied at 9 days intervals for fulfilling performance under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. When water resources are very scarce, the seasonal water deficit should be applied, especially in late summer.

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Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization influence on alfalfa yield, nutritive value, and resource use efficiency in an arid environment

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Grass-legume mixture and nitrogen application improve yield, quality, and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of grazed pastures in the loess plateau

Grass-legume mixture and nitrogen application improve yield, quality, and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of grazed pastures in the loess plateau

Forage quality and physiological performance of mowed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) subjected to combined light quality and drought

Irrigation and Phosphorus Management of Alfalfa Under Semi-Arid Conditions

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