Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a widely cultivated variety with a larger fruit size and attractive flesh color. One of the organisms associated with red dragon fruit plants is ants. The general role of ants in plants is insect pests, predators, pollinators, and decomposers. This study aims to determine the types of Formicidae insects and their role as pests on red dragon fruit plants. This study uses descriptive analysis which includes the identification of Formicidae insects, their populations and roles in dragon fruit plants. Formicidae insects associated with red dragon fruit plants consist of 4 genera and 9 species, namely Solenopsis invicta, Acropyga sp., Anoplolepis gracilipes, Iridomyrmex sp., Polyrhachis carbonaria, Eurenolepis sp., Pheidole megachepala, Dorylus sp. and Gesomyrmex sp. Their roles vary from plant pests, predators and pollinators.
Abstract. Widodo CJ, Taufik M, Khaeruni A, Mallaranggeng R. 2023. Determination of Begomovirus on chili plants (Capsicum sp.) in Buton and Muna Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 741-751. Begomovirus disease is one of the main factors inhibiting chili cultivation which could harm plants and result in crop failure. This study aimed to determine the symptoms of begomovirus disease in chili plants in Buton and Muna, Southeast Sulawesi. The methods used are disease incidence survey, insect vector observation, molecular identification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and Sanger sequencing (Applied Biosystem 3500). The survey was conducted in Southeast Sulawesi province, covering Bau-Bau City, Buton Regency, Central Buton, North Buton, Muna, and West Muna. The results showed that the incidence and severity of Begomovirus disease were observed highest in Buton islands, 73% and 49.5% (Buton City), followed by North Buton, Central Buton, and Buton, with the incidence and severity of Begomovirus, respectively, of 71.74% and 59.5%; 69.32% and 51.5%; and 68% and 61.5%. While in Muna Regency, 63.16% and 38.5%, West Muna, 73.79% and 53.50%. On the other hand, the highest percentage of the whitefly population was in Bau-Bau City, 24%, while the lowest was in West Muna, 15.5% supporting this observation. Furthermore, PCR analysis successfully amplified symptomatic isolates from Buton and Muna islands at a band length of 580 bp. On the other hand, Sanger sequencing analysis revealed the existence of the Indonesian Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (PepYLCIV) with more than 96% genetic homology to the Gene Bank data of MN094866 PepYLCIV Capsicum annuum Indonesia and MN738463 PepYLCIV Chili pepper Indonesian. This information is the first report of the presence of Begomovirus on the two islands.
Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest on maize plants in Indonesia that attacks the leaves and corn cobs. Secang wood has the potential as a vegetable pesticide because it contains active compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the potency of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on the mortality of corn caterpillar (S. frugiperda) in the laboratory. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 (six) treatments which were repeated 4 (four) times. The treatments were P0 (without application of sappan wood), P1 (application of sappan wood 1 g/L of water, P2 (application of sappan wood 2 g/L of water, P3 (application of sappan wood 3 g/L of water), P4 (application of sappan wood 4 g/L water, P5 (application of sappan wood 5 g/L water. The method used includes testing the feed spray method and larva body spray. The results showed that the 5 g/L water treatment showed a mortality percentage of 30% with the feed spray method and 22 ,5% by larva body spray method.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clove oil to control pathogens associated with tomato plants in screen houses. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments repeated 3 times and each treatment consisted of 3 plants for a total of 45 plants, the treatments given were P0 (without application), P1 (pathogenic fungus Sclerotium sp. without clove oil application). , P2 (pathogenic fungus Sclerotium sp. with clove oil application), P3 (pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. without clove oil application), P4 (pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. clove oil application). The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and disease severity of tomato plants. The results showed that clove oil was able to increase plant growth as indicated by the highest average height and diameter of 18.61cm and 0.31cm, respectively. Clove oil application also suppressed the development of the pathogen Sclerotium sp. As indicated by the average incubation period and disease severity 18.67 days and 6%, respectively.
Tomat memiliki nilai ekonomi yang cukup baik sehingga cukup menartik petani untuk membudidayakannya. Selain itu mengandung vitamin C yang cukup tinggi yang berfungsi untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit seperti sehatan gigi dan gusi, mempercepat sembuhnya luka serta mencegah kerusakan atau pendarahan pada pembuluh darah. Namun permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani tomat di Wolasi adalah gangguan penyakit yaitu penyakit hawar daun tomat. Transfer teknologi tepat guna Trichoderma sp., pemulsaan, dan cara budidaya yang baik sebagai solusi. Tujuan pengabdian adalah meningkatkan level keberdayaan mitra di dalam mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun tomat. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah/diskusi, teknik aplikasi Trichoderma sp. plus bahan organik fermentasi, dan cara pengolahan dan pemupukan yang baik. Transfer TTG tersebut dilakukan pada demplot berukuran 30 × 40 m persegi, sekaligus sebagai media pembelajaran bagi tim pelaksana, mitra dan mahasiswa MBKM. Mitra mampu mengaplikasikan Trichoderma sp sebelum piundah tanam dan pemulsaan serta cara budidaya yang baik. Peningkatan level pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra terlihat pada produksi tomat yang dihasilkan. Bukan hanya secara kualitas baik, tetapi juga secara kuantitas. Buah tomat cukup besar dan rata-rata jumlah buah tomat adalah 14 buah/2 kg. Sebanyak 350 kg telah dipanen oleh mitra pada populasi sekitar 700 tanaman.
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