Abstract. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, experiences flood which causes activities disruption and losses almost every year. Many studies have been done to mitigate the impact of flooding. Most of them focus on reducing the inundated area as an indicator of the effectiveness of flood control. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several flood control alternatives based on risk level reduction. The case study is located in Kampung Melayu Village and Bukit Duri Village which are densely populated with several economic area and almost every year experiencing severe flooding in Jakarta. Risk level analysis was carried out by the method based on guidelines issued by the Head of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) No. 2/2012 with few modifications. The analysis is conducted on five alternatives of flood control which are diversion channel to East Flood Canal (KBT), diversion channel to the West Flood Canal (KBB) in Pasar Minggu, river improvement, capacity enhancement on all components, and capacity enhancement focusing on one component. From the results, it is showed that enhancing capacity which focus on preparedness component by two levels are the best in terms of investment value to risk level reduction.

Abstract. Land use change are become issues for many river basin in the world, including Cikapundung River Basin in West Java. Cikapundung River is one of the main water sources of Bandung City water supply system. In the other hand, as one of the tributaries of Citarum River, Cikapundung also contributes to flooding in the Southern part of Bandung. Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect of land use change on Cikapundung river discharge, to maintain the reliability of water supply system and to minimize flooding in Bandung Basin. Land use map of Cikapundung River in 2009 shows that residential area (49.7%) and mixed farming (42.6%), are the most dominant land use type, while dry agriculture (19.4%) and forest (21.8%) cover the rest. The effect of land use change in Cikapundung River Basin is simulated by using Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) through 3 land use change scenarios: extreme, optimum, and existing. By using the calibrated parameters, simulation of the extreme land use change scenario with the decrease of forest area by 77.7% and increase of developed area by 57.0% from the existing condition resulted in increase of Qmax/Qmin ratio from 5.24 to 6.10. Meanwhile, simulation of the optimum land use change scenario with the expansion of forest area by 75.26% from the existing condition resulted in decrease of Qmax/Qmin ratio from 5.24 to 4.14. Although Qmax/Qmin ratio of Cikapundung is still relatively small, but the simulation shows the important of water resources analysis in providing river health indicator, as input for land use planning.

Development of mine pit and overburden disposal has caused dynamic changes in the catchment area of Ukud River, one of the rivers that flow through Lati Mining Operation. The maximum discharge of the river reached 13m 3 /second and the catchment area occupied a total area of 1901.7 hectares. Since the mining operations started, the river discharge fluctuations have changed considerably. In addition, the catchment area that was dominated by overburden disposal area contained sulphide minerals that potentially degrade the water quality of Ukud River due to the formation of acid mine drainage. Hydrological studies are essential to investigate potential environmental impacts of the mining activities. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the hydrologic systems in the mining area using semi-distributed models that can be used to simulate the river flow within catchment area.

Abstract. The objective of this study was to present a sophisticated method of developing supporting material for flood control implementation in DKI Jakarta. High flow rates in the Ciliwung River flowing through Jakarta regularly causes extensive flooding in the rainy season. The affected area comprises highly densely populated villages. For developing an efficient early warning system in view of decreasing the vulnerability of the locations a flood index map has to be available. This study analyses the development of a flood risk map of the inundation area based on a two-dimensional modeling using FESWMS. The reference event used for the model was the most recent significant flood in 2007. The resulting solution represents flood characteristics such as inundation area, inundation depth and flow velocity. Model verification was performed by confrontation of the results with survey data. The model solution was overlaid with a street map of Jakarta. Finally, alternatives for flood mitigation measures are discussed.

No abstract

Banjir merupakan bencana yang sering terjadi di ibukota DKI Jakarta dengan kejadian terbesar pada tahun 2007. Penentuan langkah yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah banjir dapat dibantu dengan pemetaan resiko banjir. Daerah studi kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelurahan Bukit Duri, Kecamatan Tebet, Jakarta yang terletak di hulu pintu air Manggarai. Penelitian difokuskan pada estimasi bahaya banjir, kerentanan, kapasitas, dan resiko di daerah studi. Peta genangan banjir dikembangkan dengan model matematis aliran 1-D tak tunak DUFLOW dengan hidrograf banjir tahun 2007. Limpasan hidrograf banjir akan membebani daerah retensi dan menyebabkan variasi genangan. Indeks bahaya banjir dianalisis berdasarkan peta genangan dengan diverifikasi data lapangan. Analisis indeks kerentanan menggunakan parameter jaringan pipa dan kabel, jenis bangunan, sebaran populasi, dan potensi bahaya kolateral. Analisis indeks kapasitas memakai parameter kondisi pompa, tanggul, dan intervensi (peningkatan kewaspadaan banjir). Peta resiko dievaluasi menggunakan GIS dalam skenario optimis dan pesimis dengan persamaan: resiko = bahaya x kerentanan / kapasitas. Intervensi pada skenario optimis menunjukkan penurunan resiko signifikan di beberapa daerah, sedangkan pada skenario pesimis tidak berbeda dibandingkan kondisi eksisting. Peta resiko kondisi eksisting dianalisis serupa dengan keadaan aktual, dimana daerah studi merupakan daerah beresiko banjir tinggi karena perumahan penduduk yang padat dan kapasitas penanggulangan banjir yang tidak memadai.

Abstract. Nearly all formulations of conventional sediment load estimation method were developed based on a review of laboratory data or data field. This approach is generally limited by local so it is only suitable for a particular river typology. From previous studies, the amount of sediment load tends to be non-linear with respect to the hydraulic parameters and parameter that accompanies sediment. The dominant parameter is turbulence, whereas turbulence flow velocity vector direction of x, y and z. They were affected by water bodies in 3D morphology of the cross section of the vertical and horizontal. This study is conducted to address the non-linear nature of the hydraulic parameter data and sediment parameter against sediment load data by applying the artificial neural network (ANN) method. The method used is the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) schema. This scheme used for projecting the sediment load from the hydraulic parameter data and sediment parameters that used in the conventional estimation of sediment load. The results showed that the BPNN model performs reasonably well on the conventional calculation, indicated by the stability of correlation coefficient (R) and the mean square error (MSE).

Abstract. Increasing population growth has created problems in water resources. Natural water resources become progressively more expensive and difficult to develop. In addition, it is also becoming increasingly polluted and difficult to obtain. Many countries shown a resurgent interest in the use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) technique to overcome these problems. There are several factors that will influence the RWH performance, such as the rainfall, catchment area, storage tank capacity, and water demand. The performance parameter determines by the volumetric reliability, time reliability, and yield. The RWH system used in this study is a simple RWH system that utilizes roof as a catchment area, pipes as a distribution system and tank as a storage. An analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of altering the large of the catchment area and storage tank capacity to the RWH system performance parameters. A suitable behavioral model based on the water balance method is implemented to evaluate the inflow, outflow, and the storage volume. Results demonstrate that with up to 15 years daily rainfall data in 15 cities in Indonesia, the most influential parameters on the performance of RWH system is the time reliability.