Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm-1 existed in all with variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization for ethnopharmacological effects.
The aim of the study is to investigate a new formulation, based on dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium‐bromide (QA) and riboflavin (RF), combining antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities in a rabbit model. Quaternary ammonium riboflavin (QARF) experimental adhesives modified with dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium‐bromide and riboflavin were bonded (0.5/1.0/2.0%) to rabbit dentin to investigate for pulpal‐histology, interfacial‐morphology, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties, collagen crosslinking, micro‐Raman analysis, antimicrobial, and anti‐protease activities. Collagen type‐I molecules were generated using molecular‐docking. Odontoblasts appeared with normal histology, were seen in controls with no inflammatory cells detected in 0.5% specimens at day 7 and mild inflammatory response at day 30. In QARF 2.0%, inflammatory cells were not detected at day 7 and 30 (p < .05). Dentinal tubules are seen with intact collagen surface in 1% specimens. Resin penetrated inside 1% adhesive specimens with few irregularly funnel‐shaped tags. Transmission electron microscopy showed thinner collagen in all specimens except 1% QARF specimens. Biofilms were influenced by QARF adhesives. Elastic moduli were significantly higher in 1.0% and 2.0% QARF adhesive specimens with a significant increase in total crosslinks. Stable amide groups with anti‐protease activity was observed in QARF groups. Charged residues were seen in the triple helix hCOL3A1, Gly489‐Gly510 after stabilisation with formulation. The 1% QARF modified adhesives improved biochemical and biomechanical properties of rabbit dentin.
Objective: In this study the effects of carbonated drinks on the healing process of oral submucosa of albino wistar rats were evaluated.
Design: This study comprised of 24 adult albino wistar rats which were randomly assigned to a experimental group 1 and an experimental group 2. A circular wound of 3.0 mm was created on the buccal mucosa of each albino wistar rat at day 0. Animals in control group were fed with chow pellet and water while those in experimental group were fed with chow pellet and a commercially available carbonated drink instead of water. 6 animals from each group were sacrificed by decapitation under deep anesthesia at day 7 and 21. The tissue dissected from buccal area was serially sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin stains. Wound site was histologically assessed for differences in the healing pattern of submucosa; inflammatory cell count and neovascularization between two groups.
Results: There was a marked difference in the healing pattern between the two groups. Animals in group-1 showed a normal healing pattern with formation of a fibrous connective tissue at the end of day-21. In the group-2, there is altered healing phenomenon at the end of the experiment with a subsequent delayed inflammatory reaction at day-21
Conclusion: These findings suggest that consumption of carbonated drinks can disrupt oral wound healing. The contents in carbonated drinks have a proinflammatory action on the soft tissue.
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly identified strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This strain is responsible for respiratory infections in humans.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.
Methodology: This was an experimental trial of COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma (CP) therapy, these patients were admitted in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during April 24 to august 24, 2021.
Results: Pearson correlation was applied to extract the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy (CP). A p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. 16 out of 20 patients (80%) were completely recovered from COVID-19.
Conclusion: Convalescent plasma (CP) proved to be an effective and safe therapy for confirmed cases of COVID-19. However, two critically ill patients died.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different preparations of fluoride gels on the salivary pH of albino rats. Material and Methods: This experimental study consisted of 40 Albino rats randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A was the control group and received no intervention. Experimental group B received a topical application of 0.2% sodium fluoride gel. Experimental group C received topical application of stannous fluoride gel 0.4%. Experimental group D received topical application of APF gel (1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel). The different preparations of the gels were applied once daily for 4 minutes on the occlusal surface of the right maxillary molars for 14 days. Salivary pH values were recorded immediately after the application of gels with the help of pH paper on day 1 and day 14. Results: There was a significant difference in the pH level of groups B, C and D after 14 days of fluoride application (p < 0.05). The nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test was applied for the comparison between the groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that all the fluoride gels after administration caused the acidic pH of saliva with the most acidic effect produced by APF gel.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.