Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practice of gynecologists with regard to oral and dental health during pregnancy. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from January 2019 to July 2019. Methods & Materials: The questionnaire was distributed among 450 gynaecologists. The evaluation tool was questionnaire. It was consisted on 23 items in which 18 questions were about the knowledge and five questions about the practice. The response of the respondents was received as yes or no. All the collected data entered in software and statistical analysis of data was done using the SPSS version 22.0. For quantitative variables mean and standard deviation were calculated. Qualitative variables were presented in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: In our study response rate was found to be 84.4%. During pregnancy related to the oral healthcare average of gynaecologist’s knowledge was 12.31±2.73 which showed that they have appropriate knowledge level. During pregnancy related to the oral healthcare measures average of gynaecologist’s knowledge was 3.31 ± 1.256 which exhibited that they have appropriate knowledge level of practices measures. A significant relationship between year of graduation and gynaecologist’s knowledge was observed (P = 0.31), whereas insignificant relationship between graduation year and practice was observed (P = 0.763). During pregnancy related to the need of oral and dental care before & during pregnancy gynaecologist’s knowledge was 3.67 ± 1.035. Conclusion: Gynecologist’s knowledge about oral and dental hygiene measure during the pregnancy was appropriate. Women who are planning their pregnancy must get knowledge from dentist, obstetricians and gynecologists to reduce the rate of complications. Effect of pregnancy on oral and dental hygiene is on the one hand and inhibition from its side effects is on the other hand. Keywords: Gynecologist, Oral Health, Pregnant women
Objective: To assess the suboptimal health status among young adults and its association with their demographic factors visiting institute of dentistry CMH, Lahore Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from August 2020 to January 2021. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with sample of 384 young adults visiting institute of dentistry CMH, Lahore. Suboptimal health status was using the “Suboptimal Health Mesurement Scale” ver-1.0. Information of demographics and information related to affecting to lifestyle behaviors were evaluated with a questionnaire. The associations between demographic information, lifestyle behaviors were checked by applying a Pearson coefficient Chi-square test. Results of the Study: A total of 384 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was a 27.79±5.23 year with 53.2 % being women. Age group 19-28 years had high sub-optimal health 51.7% (199), while participants falling in age category 29-39 years had low sub-optimal health 48.3% (186). There was a strong association between the two independent variables. Pearson chi square (1) = 4.152, p value 0.0. Conclusion: It was found that suboptimal health status was significantly associated with demographics of young adults, environmental factors and life style behaviors in both males and females. Keywords: Suboptimal health status, demographic factors, demographic factors scale, young adults
Introduction: The origin of halitosis comes from the Latin word "Halitus" meaning 'breath, exhaled air.' Halitosis is an unpleasant odour exhaled in breathing, also known by the name of bad breath. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the level of knowledge of fresh medical graduates and their management skills towards halitosis. Methods & Materials: A questionnaire was designed to collect the required information from the fresh medical graduates. The duration of the study was 6 months January 2020 to June 2020. Study was conducted on fresh medical graduates from private and public sector across Lahore visiting the dental Outpatient Department of Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College Results: The study sample comprised of 59.3% females and 40.7% of males. Astonishing, 71.4% did not treat halitosis amongst patients visiting for treatment whilst 28.6% provided treatment for halitosis. Surprisingly, only 28.6% of medical doctors treated oral malodour. Alarmingly 71% doctor did not treat oral malodour. A whopping 95.2 % blamed poor oral hygiene to the biggest cause of halitosis. Stagnation of food secured 2nd place with 70% followed by chronic periodontal disease at 64.8%. Surprisingly, 0.4% mentioned that eating Garlic/raw food was considered as a least reason for oral malodour. Discussion: Conclusion: Halitosis was prevalent among patients visiting medical doctors for treatment. They can benefit from enhanced understanding and encouragement to improve their own and the patient's oral hygiene because of their responsibilities to diagnose and improve oral health..
Objective: To assess the knowledge about different mandibular nerve block techniques of fresh dental graduates, dental surgeons and specialists to attain mandibular nerve block for dental treatment in Multan. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional survey. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department of Dentistry at Multan Medical & Dental College, Nishtar Institute of dentistry (Nishtar Medical University) and Bakhtawer Amin Dental College from August 2019 to August 2020. Material and Methods: The study involved 220 respondents. The questionnaire was administered to fresh dental graduates (house officers) and dental surgeons in 3 dental colleges of Multan, and was collected on the same day. House officers who did not return the forms were reminded personally and contacted on the phone thrice over the following week. Results of the Study: The frequency of respondants who could administer Gow-Gates without supervison was 20.9% (n=46). Participants from NID, Multan had the highest frequency (35.3%) with the lowest in BIMDC (16.6%)and MMDC(20.6%). The differences were non-significant (p=0.19). Significantly higher frequency of male respondants (10%, n=22) claimed they could administer Gow-Gates without supervison compared to female respondants (5.4%, n=12, p=0.012, Chi-Square). Training for Gow-Gates had been received by 12.7% (n=28) of the House Officers and dental surgeons. The Highest frequency of training was in NID, Multan (5.4%, n= 12, p= 0.016, chi-square). Conclusion: The majority of the dental practitioners of Multan used IANB as their primary LA technique and intraligamental injections as a supplemental LA technique in their clinics to attain mandibular molars anesthesia for general dental procedures like fillings, root canals and extractions. Keywords: Mandibular local anesthesia, Inferior alveolar nerve block, Gow-Gates technique
Background & Objectives: A Cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status in Thalassemia Major children age ranging in 3-20-year-old undergoing blood transfusion from the Thalassemia Society of Pakistan. Oral hygiene status and dmft scores were compared. Methods & Materials: A total of 117 children from the Thalassemia Society of Pakistan were checked. Three stations were setup for dental check-up and examiners were calibrated. Examination was performed on children sitting comfortability in chairs using sterilised dental mirrors and probes under natural sunlight on modifies version of World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth using DMFT and dmft indices and Oral Hygiene status was recorded as good, fair, and poor. Results: It was found in our study, 73 males (62.4%) and 44 females (37.6 %). mean dmft score for male was 2.25+ 2.87. Female score was 2.64+ 3.26. Overall mean DMFT score 2.39+ 3.02.A strong association was observed between age and DMFT (p=0.001) between Out of the total sample size, two third majority had fair oral hygiene, while the remainder fell into good and poor hygiene category, respectively. Conclusion: Majority of sample population had fair oral hygiene and young age group were more prone to dental caries. Keywords: Thalassemia Major, Dental Caries, Oral Health
Objective: of this study is to analyze the behavior/attitude of general dental practitioners towards record keeping and quality assessment of patient records found in different dental practices of Lahore. Study design: Cross sectional, Descriptive, Questionnaire based study (Copy of questionnaire attached). Place and Duration of Study: Data collection for this study was conducted in different private dental practices of Lahore from Oct-2017 to Dec-2017. Methods; A random sample of 60 dental practices were selected by means of stratified sampling from different towns of Lahore. Dentists were interviewed and patient records were checked for data collection which is analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Interview of 43 dentists and analysis of patient records from their practices revealed that 16 (37.2%) practices have no record at all and even none of the remaining 27 (62.8%) practices. Who claim to have patient records, has any properly completed record. Shows that dentists have got very casual behavior towards record keeping as most of them were not having any records and the remaining ones who claimed to have patient records, were maintaining them in a very poor form. Conclusion: Female dentists, postgraduates and dentists working in group practices and affluent areas were found to have relatively more tendency towards record keeping. Recommendation; Dentist training institutes and health implementing authorities are the main areas which need to be stressed upon for improvement of record keeping. Keywords: (MESH) Record keeping, Dental photography, Dentist, Post-graduate, Health authorities, Affluent areas.
Objective: To understand impact of physical activity on pain perception in patients presenting with acute pulpitis for endodontic therapy. Study Design: It was quantitative correlational by design. Place and duration of study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Section, Islam Dental College, Sialkot. Materials & Methods: 500 patients from the Dental Section of Islam Dental College Sialkot were included in this study. The correlation of movement/walk and pain during endodontic treatment was determined. Numeric pain scale was used to document pain. Activity was measured by the number of minutes of walk of the patient. Results: There is a significant association between physical activity/exercise and pain. Statistical significance between pain and exercise was -.158. Conclusion: Pre-operative assessment of physical activity may be a predictor of pain perceived by patients. Therefore, it is important to educate and consider patient’s physical activity to manage pain during the dental treatment. Life style modification may seems insignificant but has proven positive impact in pain management. Keywords: Exercise, local anaesthesia (LA), endodontic therapy, pain.
Objective: To compare the wound healing with triangular flap versus envelope flap techniques among patients undergoing surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM). Study Design: An open label randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 70 patients (35 in each group) of both genders aged 20 to 50 years requiring surgical removal of IMTM were included. Patients were asked to follow up on third and seventh day while observations regarding wound healing and pain were noted on 7th day among all cases completing the final follow up. Chi square was applied to compare data between both study groups taking p-value below 0.05 as significant. Results: In a total of 70 patients, there were 42 (60.0%) female and 28 (40.0%) female. Majority of the patients, 36 (51.4%) were above 30 years of age while mean age was noted to be 32.4+9.1 years. Sixty two patients completed the follow up so they were included in the final analysis for the assessment of wound healing and pain. Overall, wound healing was observed to be in 55/62 (88.7%) patients while wound healing was found to be 30/32 (93.8%) patients in envelope flap group in comparison to 25/30 (83.3%) in triangular flap group (p=0.1953). Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in between both study group with regards to evaluation of pain (p=0.3271) Conclusion: Both envelop flap and triangular flap techniques resulted in similar outcomes regarding wound healing among patients undergoing surgical removal of IMTM. Both flap techniques resulted in relatively similar degrees of post-surgery pain. Keywords: Third molar, pain, wound healing.
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