BackgroundSeveral developing countries like Pakistan step into Sustainable Development Goals period with crucial maternal and child health needs that need to be addressed for improving health outcomes among people. We aim to explore existent socio-economic disparities in use of family planning methods (FPM) among Pakistani women, and compare any such inequalities between the years 2006 and 2013.SettingPakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 2006–7 (n = 9177) and the most recent 2012–13(n = 13558) data were used to conduct secondary analysis. Participants were ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years. Socio-economic status was assessed by the education level and wealth index. Inequalities were measured through Odds Ratio (OR), Relative Index of inequality (RII), and Slope index of inequality (SII) on non-use of FPM.ResultsAlthough the prevalence of FPM use has increased over time (28% in 2006 versus 54% in 2013), the socio-economic inequalities persistently exist. Comparing results of PDHS 2006 with PDHS 2013, education related absolute inequalities among urban dwellers increased from -0.41 (95% CI -0.67, -0.13, p-value < 0.01) to -0.83 (95% CI -1.02, -0.63, p-value < 0.01); and increased from -0.93 (95% CI -1.21, -0.64, p-value < 0.01) to -0.98 (95% CI -1.20, -0.76, p-value < 0.01) among rural dwellers. Similarly wealth related absolute inequalities are also existent.ConclusionsAlthough the FPM use has increased over time, but it is important to note that socio-economic gap in use of FPM persists. Such differences have disadvantaged the poor and the illiterate. Family planning programs may target the disadvantaged subgroups for ensuring well-being of women and children in Pakistan.

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Objective: This study was done to determine the association between lipid levels and diabetic Indices in confirm patients of myocardial infarction with versus without diabetes mellitus type II. Methodology: Two hundred acute myocardial infarction having ST-segment elevation patients with diabetes mellitus type II and without diabetes mellitus type II were enrolled. Lipid levels and diabetic indices were measured, and the correlations among them were analyzed. Results: Positive correlations were found between triglycerides and fasting blood sugar, low density lipoprotein and Insulin when compared among myocardial infarction patients. Comparison among myocardial infarction patients with diabetes mellitus type II and without diabetes mellitus type II, negative correlations were found between triglycerides and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), low density lipoprotein and glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin and Insulin. Conclusion: Correlations between lipid levels and diabetic indices when compared were found to be Positive in myocardial infarction patients only and Negative when compared between myocardial infarction patients with diabetes mellitus type II and without diabetes mellitus type II.