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The current study was aimed to prepare stable NEs from plant oils to evaluate their cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. Oils form three different samples (flax seeds, cloves and olives) were extracted. NEs from these oils were prepared separately by ultrasonication method. After characterization of stable NEs, they were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Extracted oils and their NEs were applied separately to HepG2 cell line to construct a comparison and MTT assay was used for this purpose. Prepared NEs were found more effective against cancer cell line as compared to their respective oils. MTT assay showed efficacy of NEs in reducing cell viability with IC50 value of 10 µl (flax seed oil), 25 µl (clove oil NE) and 1 µl (olive oil NE), and was safe to normal cells. The results of the current study revealed that NEs prepared from flax seed, clove and olive oil have the potential for further development as anticancer agents.

Background and Aim: Acute myocardial infarction patients with left and right bundle branch block significantly contributes to higher risk of mortality. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) has clinical implications in acute myocardial infarction setting. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of new onset RBBB in acute myocardial infarction and its association with coronary angiographic findings. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi from January 2022 June 2022. Study protocol was approved from the institution research and ethical committee. All the patients of either gender with an age range 25 years to 85 years having acute myocardial infarction were included. Written informed consent was taken. Patients with previous RBBB, had implanted pacemaker, and presentation of symptoms >24 hours were excluded. Detailed history and clinical examination of each individual was done. Patients’ angiographic findings after eligibility based on coronary angiography was done and recorded. All the data were entered into pre-designed profroma. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 82 AMI patients, there were 48 (58.5%) male and 34 (41.5%) females. Age-wise distribution of AMI patients were as follows; 17 (20.7%) 25-45 years, 28 (34.2%) 46-65 years, and 37 (45.1%) 66-85 years. The overall mean age was 54.62±6.82 years. The prevalence of new onset RBBB and without RBBB was 17 (20.7%) and 65 (79.3%) respectively. Of the 17 AMI with RBBB patients, the incidence of single vessel disease, double vessel disease, triple vessel disease, and left main stem disease was 3 (17.6%), 5 (29.4%), 6 (35.3%) and 3 (17.6%) respectively. Majority of patients aged 46 years to 65 years had RBBB in 9 (32.1%), followed by 6 (16.2%) in patients 66-85 years and 2 (11.8%) in patients aged 25-45 years. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the prevalence of new onset RBBB was 20.7% among acute myocardial infarction patients. The incidence of triple vessel disease was prominent in acute myocardial infarction patients with RBBB followed by double vessel disease. Also, elderly patients of acute myocardial infarction patients were more susceptible to RBBB than younger one. Keywords: Right bundle branch blockage, Acute myocardial infarction, Coronary angiography

Background and Aim: Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a potentially fatal outcome of valve replacement surgery. A proportion of patients suffer with thrombotic problems, mostly as a result of inadequate anticoagulation status and irregular INR checks. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical profile and prosthetic valve thrombosis management in tertiary cardiac centers. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 58 prosthetic valve thrombosis patients in AFIC, Rawalpindi and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from January 2022 to June 2022. The study protocol was approved by the institutional research and ethical committee. All the enrolled patients provided informed written consent. Patients’ demographic details, clinical profile, in-hospital complications, and outcome during one year follow-up were recorded. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 58 PVT patients, there were 22 (37.9%) male and 36 (62.1%) females. The overall mean age was 32.84± 8.4 years with an age range 10-65 years. About 34 (58.6%) patients had sub-therapeutic INR values during admission time whereas 28 (48.3%) patients had atrial fibrillation. Breathing difficulties was the predominant complaint in 54 (92.8%) of the patients who came within one week after the beginning of symptoms. Approximately 51 patients (88.4%) had streptokinase thrombolysis, while four required surgery. Valve thrombosis was most prevalent in 49 (84.5%) of the individuals. In-hospital mortality was 9.8% (n=6), with no significant bleeding episodes or new strokes seen. Conclusion: The present study concluded that PV thrombosis is a medical emergency associated with a high mortality rate. Low socio-economic level leads to poor adherence to anticoagulation medication. The prosthetic valve thrombosis patients had poor compliance and sub-therapeutic INR. Prosthetic valve thrombosis can be effectively treated with thrombolysis. Keywords: Prosthetic valve thrombosis, Clinical profile, Thrombosis

The boundary layer peristaltic hydromagnetic flow of Carreau fluid in a curved type has been investigated in this article. Carreau fluid model is a generalized Newtonian fluid model having four parameters namely, infinite-shear-rate viscosity (μ∞), zero-shear-rate viscosity (μ0), relaxation time constant (Γ) and power-law index (n). The governing equations of the flow is obtained under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. An asymptotic solution to this problem is obtained when the strength of the applied magnetic field is large. It is observed the that asymptotic solution is independent of Weissenberg number. The asymptotic solution is also validated against numerical solution obtained via finite difference method.

The boundary layer peristaltic hydromagnetic flow of Carreau fluid in a curved type has been investigated in this article. Carreau fluid model is a generalized Newtonian fluid model having four parameters namely, infinite-shear-rate viscosity (μ∞), zero-shear-rate viscosity (μ0), relaxation time constant (Γ) and power-law index (n). The governing equations of the flow is obtained under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. An asymptotic solution to this problem is obtained when the strength of the applied magnetic field is large. It is observed the that asymptotic solution is independent of Weissenberg number. The asymptotic solution is also validated against numerical solution obtained via finite difference method.

Definition of the term JM covers a gaggle of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. According to the newest 2016 data from the WHO, 422 million adults live with diameters mellitus. Diameters prevalence is increasing rapidly, because physical inactivity and overweight are risk factors who are increasing too. Embarrassment from diametersmellitus can be treated with physical modalities. The aim of our research was to assess the comprehension of occupational therapists for treatment of embarrassment from diameters mellitus with physical medicine. Material and method: We have designed special questionnaire with 30 inquiries to assess, comprehension for treatment of diabetic food, diabetic ulcer, amputation, and diabetic neuropathy. The data was collected electronically by email. The comprehension was assessed with score: 0-25% poor, 26-50% fair, 51-75%good, 76-100 % excellent. Results: Occupational therapist have had a mean score of 40% of the entire comprehension, rock bottom was backward effect of light therapy on diabetic ulcers and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Discussion: Treatment of diameters with insulin, is standard in medicine. Physical medicine has important role in prevention of diameters, with promotion of physical activity. Embarrassment of diameters decrease quality of life, with many embarrassment affecting circulation, nerves and bones. Researchers are trying to find new ways of non-pharmacological treatment of embarrassment. Conclusion: Our medical staff have had, fair comprehension backward effect of physical modalities in treatment of embarrassment from JM. Future lectures must contain more attention backward this ill health.