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SUMMARYA fully coupled formulation of a hydro-thermo-poro-mechanical model for a three-phase black oil reservoir model is presented. The model is based upon the approach proposed by one of the authors which fully couples geomechanical e!ects to multiphase #ow. Their work is extended here to include non-isothermal e!ects. The gas phase contribution to the energy equation has been neglected based on a set of assumptions. The coupled formulation given herein di!ers in several ways when compared to the earlier work and an attempt is made to link the #ow based formulation and mixture theory. The Finite Element Method is employed for the numerical treatment and essential algorithmic implementation is discussed. Numerical examples are presented to provide further understanding of the current methodology.

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This paper extends the double porosity deformable model previously developed by one of the authors to include temperature effects. Unlike the double temperature approach, the model assumes a single representative thermodynamics continuum which includes both conduction and convection heat transfer in a fully saturated porous media. Examples are presented to evaluate the suitability of the model. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Résumé -Modélisation numérique d'écoulements de fluides triphasiques et de la déformation de la roche pour des réservoirs fracturés -Dans cet article, les auteurs, s'appuyant sur la théorie de la double porosité, développent une formulation mathématique tridimensionnelle des écoulements de fluides triphasiques et de la déformation de la roche pour des réservoirs fracturés. La formulation actuelle, qui recouvre à la fois les équations d'équilibre mécanique et les équations de conservation de la masse dans le cas d'écoulements multiphasiques, rend compte de l'influence significative du couplage entre écoulements fluides et déformations solides, généralement non pris en compte ou négligés dans les publications traitant de la simulation des réservoirs. Une méthode par élément fini de type Galerkin est employée pour discrétiser les équations principales dans l'espace et un schéma en différences finies en temps est utilisé pour déterminer l'évolution au cours du temps. Comparé à des modèles similaires existants, celui-ci identifie non seulement la déformation interne du squelette rocheux sous l'effet de la pression différentielle entre le milieu poreux et le milieu fissuré, mais les équations de conservation de masse qui en résultent sont entièrement couplées. À titre de comparaison, un exemple à l'échelle d'un réservoir sert de test alpha de la robustesse de la méthodologie adoptée. Les résultats indiquent que le comportement du réservoir est sensiblement différent lorsque l'effet du couplage est représenté. Abstract -Numerical Simulation of Three-Phase Flow in Deforming Fractured

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to investigate oil-gas slug formation in horizontal straight pipe and its associated pressure gradient, slug liquid holdup and slug frequency. Design/methodology/approach-The abrupt change in gas/liquid velocities, which causes transition of flow patterns, was analyzed using incompressible volume of fluid method to capture the dynamic gasliquid interface. The validity of present model and its methodology was validated using Baker's flow regime chart for 3.15 inches diameter horizontal pipe and with existing experimental data to ensure its correctness. Findings-The present paper proposes simplified correlations for liquid holdup and slug frequency by comparison with numerous existing models. The paper also identified correlations that can be used in operational oil and gas industry and several outlier models that may not be applicable. Research limitations/implications-The correlation may be limited to the range of material properties used in this paper. Practical implications-Numerically derived liquid holdup and holdup frequency agreed reasonably with the experimentally derived correlations. Social implications-The models could be used to design pipeline and piping systems for oil and gas production. Originality/value-The paper simulated all the seven flow regimes with superior results compared to existing methodology. New correlations derived numerically are compared to published experimental correlations to understand the difference between models.