IntisariDye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) merupakan sel surya tersensitisasi zat pewarna yang dibentuk dengan struktur sandwich dimana terdapat lima bagian antara lain: kaca ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) sebagai substrat; TiO2 sebagai bahan semikonduktor; dye klorofil sebagai donor elektron; elektrolit sebagai transfer elektron. Serbuk TiO2 berukuran nanometer didapatkan melalui sintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi.Pengukuran dilakukan pada daya 100 mW/cm 2 . Hasil efisiensi DSSC menggunakan active carbon sebagai katalis pada elektroda pembanding menghasilkan prosentase yang lebih besar daripada black carbon dan grafit, yaitu 0,05% untuk active carbon, 0,032% untuk black carbon, 0,029% untuk grafit. ABSTRACTDye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a dye sensitized solar cells are formed by a sandwich structure where there are five parts include: glass ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) as a substrate; TiO2 as a semiconductor material; chlorophyll dye as an electron donor; electrolyte as electron transfer. Nanometer-sized TiO2 powder obtained through synthesis by coprecipitation method. Measurements were taken at the power of 100 mW/cm 2 . The results of the efficiency of DSSC using active carbon as a catalyst in the reference electrode, produces a larger percentage than black carbon and graphite, which is of 0.05% for active carbon, black carbon to 0.032%, 0.029% for graphite. I. PENDAHULUANCahaya matahari merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang bersih, ramah lingkungan, dan aplikatif. Di dunia ini timbul suatu dorongan untuk menciptakan atau merancang suatu sistem untuk penyediaan energi yang aman dan nyaman bagi manusia maupun lingkungan. Cahaya matahari telah banyak digunakan sebagai sumber energi pada sel surya. Sel surya merupakan suatu peralatan yang dapat mengubah energi cahaya menjadi energi listrik. Pengembangan sel surya menjadi sebuah penyediaan energi ketika manusia dihadapkan pada berkurangan cadangan energi yang berasal dari bahan bakar fosil [1].Akan tetapi penggunaan sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik masih terbatas karena kendala oleh mahalnya bahan utama dari sel tersebut, yaitu silikon. Namun, setelah melewati perkembangan zaman, teknologi sel surya juga ikut berkembang. Perkembangan tersebut telah sampai pada sel surya yang dikembangkan oleh Grätzel. Sel ini sering juga disebut dengan sel Grätzel atau Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) atau sel surya berbasis pewarna tersensitisasi (SSPT) * E-MAIL: nurrisma@physics.its.ac.idPada DSSC, selain semikonduktor pada fotoanoda dan elektrolit yang menjaga stabilitas elektron pada siklus DSSC, elektroda pembanding merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam berlangsungnya siklus terproduksinya arus dan tegangan. Fungsi utama elektroda pembanding adalah sebagai katalis agar proses berlangsungnya transfer elektron dan proses reduksi iodine/triiodide pada elektrolit semakin cepat, dengan demikian semakin cepat pula DSSC memproduksi listrik. Bahan katalis yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan yang dapat mempercepat reaksi redoks pada DSSC adalah katalis dari bahan pla...
This study aims to model Lee-Carter mortality with a Bayesian approach, where the parameters in the model are assumed to be random variables. The data used in this study is data on mortality rates by age group from the period 1950–2015. The sourced of data was from the UN website. Age groups are categorized by age 0 years, 1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, ..., 86-90 years. The results of this study are from Bayes estimation obtained information that the average infant mortality rate (population aged less than one year) is high, then at the age of toddlers (1-4 years) average mortality rate decreases. Furthermore, the average mortality rate for children, adolescents, young and older people has increased again. Meanwhile, the relative speed of the pattern of changes in mortality at infant age (less than one year) is high enough. At the age of toddlers (1 – 4 years), the pattern of changes in mortality has increased. Then, in the population of the next age group until the older age group, the mortality continues to decrease. The pattern of changes in mortality is lowest in the elderly population.
An extended finite element method (XFEM) for fracture problem within the finite element software ABAQUS is adopted in order to investigate the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of RPC material. The RPC materials observed are plain RPC of 0% and steel fiber RPC (SFRPC) of 2% volume fraction. Single edge notch three-point bending (TPB) tests of RPC materials are performed. The mechanical properties of RPC with respect to single edge notch TPB test, i.e. tensile stress, CMOD, and fracture energy obtained from experiment are then compared to those obtained from numerical analysis. A good agreement is observed between the experimental and numerical results.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is the third generation of solar cells. DSSC is formed by sandwich structure, there are five parts: ITO glass (Indium Tin Oxide) as the substrate; TiO2 and SnO2 as semiconductor material; natural dye from chlorophyll as an electron donor; gel electrolyte as electron transfer and active carbon as a catalyst in the counter electrode. The synthesis of nanometer-sized TiO2 powder is obtained by coprecipitation method. The layer of TiO2 was deposited on top of an ITO glass by doctor blade method. From the research, the DSSC efficiency has increased by nearly 100% after additions SnO2 to TiO2. The DSSC efficiency result is 0.05% for DSSC before additions and 0.1% after additions
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