Dengue infection affects more than half of the world’s population, with 1 billion symptomatic cases identified per year and several distinct genetic serotypes: DENV 1–4. Transmitted via the mosquito bite, the dengue virus infects Langerhans cells. Monocytes, B lymphocytes, and mast cells infected with dengue virus produce various cytokines although it is not clear which ones are predominant during DHF disease. A mathematical model of the Dengue virus infection is developed according to complex dynamics determined by many factors. Starting from a state of equilibrium that we could define as “virus-free” asymptotically stable with a viral reproduction number lower than one which means a very effective action of the innate immune system: it stops the infectious process, the mathematical analysis of stability in the presence of the virus demonstrates that the proposed model is dynamically influenced. Dengue fever affects more than half of the world’s population, with 1 billion symptomatic cases and multiple genetic serotypes confirmed each year, which simulates a network of interactions between the various populations involved without considering the speeds of the processes in question which are indicated in a separate computation. In this research, a hybrid approach of petri nets is utilized to connect the discrete models of dengue.
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the general population towards coronavirus vaccinations in Pakistan.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Dental Surgery, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Pakistan, between March 2021 and June 2021.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 individuals who were above 18 years of age. A well-constructed questionnaire consisting of 4 parts (Demographics, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices) was constructed containing informed consent and distributed online. Spearman correlation test was used to analyse knowledge, attitude, and practices towards coronavirus vaccinations.
Results: A total of 500 responses were collected from the participants. Most of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding the availability of the vaccines. About 116 (23.2%) participants had contracted the virus. The majority of 308 (61.7%) participants agreed on vaccines to be effective against the virus. Most of the 401 (80.4%) participants were willing to get themselves vaccinated when their turn comes. 265 out of 500 (53.1%) people have been vaccinated against coronavirus. The minority of people assumed a chip inside the vaccine and religious factors as reasons not to get vaccinated. Those residing in urban locations and with increasing age had better knowledge and attitudes towards vaccinations.
Conclusion: To control and contain the ongoing pandemic, vaccination against the coronavirus is a must. There is still scope in evaluating and improving the general population’s knowledge regarding the vaccination programs especially in the rural areas where resources and socioeconomic status is weaker.
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