Discrete biological modeling for the immune response to dengue virus

Abstract

Dengue infection affects more than half of the world’s population, with 1 billion symptomatic cases identified per year and several distinct genetic serotypes: DENV 1–4. Transmitted via the mosquito bite, the dengue virus infects Langerhans cells. Monocytes, B lymphocytes, and mast cells infected with dengue virus produce various cytokines although it is not clear which ones are predominant during DHF disease. A mathematical model of the Dengue virus infection is developed according to complex dynamics determined by many factors. Starting from a state of equilibrium that we could define as “virus-free” asymptotically stable with a viral reproduction number lower than one which means a very effective action of the innate immune system: it stops the infectious process, the mathematical analysis of stability in the presence of the virus demonstrates that the proposed model is dynamically influenced. Dengue fever affects more than half of the world’s population, with 1 billion symptomatic cases and multiple genetic serotypes confirmed each year, which simulates a network of interactions between the various populations involved without considering the speeds of the processes in question which are indicated in a separate computation. In this research, a hybrid approach of petri nets is utilized to connect the discrete models of dengue.