Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a minimally invasive procedure that is widely used by endoscopists and has a robust therapeutic profile. It uses endoscopy and imaging for a variety of diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. It is used for the management of a lot of pancreaticobiliary diseases such as obstructive jaundice, obstruction related to bile ducts, pancreatic biliary tumors, and traumatic or iatrogenic damage to the bile ducts. Other therapeutic interventions that can be done via ERCP include sphincterotomy, dilation of strictures, removal of biliary stones and placement of stents. Air embolism presents with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurologic signs and symptoms. Treatment of air embolism should be started early in suspected cases, and it should be in the differential diagnoses of various complications secondary to high risk of ERCP, especially if a cardiopulmonary compromise is present. Air embolism is rare but a serious complication associated with ERCP. The physicians must keep this in mind while performing ERCP in patients with predisposing risk factors. This review highlights the mechanism, causes, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic modalities, treatment, and preventive measures to deal with this catastrophic complication.
Objective: Measles-related pneumonia in children and newborns is the primary goal of this research. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Conducted at BHU 399 GB Tandlianwala in duration of July 2021-Jan 2022. Methods: This research covered a total of 125 patients, including children and newborns of both sexes. Children under the age of seven were present. After receiving official permission from the authorities, the demographics, height, and weight of the patients were recorded. Those who had been diagnosed with measles were brought in. All patients' symptoms and frequency of pneumonia were evaluated. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze all of the data. Results: Majority were 70 (56%) children and there were 55 (44%) infants. Among 125 patients, 75 (60%) were males and 50 (40%) were females. Majority had birth weight <3kg. Severity of measles was found among 55 (44%) patients. Frequency of vaccination was found among 29 (23.2%) cases. Pneumonia was found in 77 (61.6%) cases. Conclusion: In this research, we found a considerably high frequency of measles-infected pneumonia. Patients with low socioeconomic position had a lower vaccination status, which contributed to the problem. It can be prevented by educating parents about the need of vaccinations. Keywords: Prevalence, Measles, Infants, Pneumonia, Children
Table 1. (continued) Variables NASH* with Thromboembolism** N56,820(1.6%) NASH without Thromboembolism** N5429,025(98.4%) P-Value Peripheral vascular disease 5.6% 4.6% , 0.001 COPD*
Introduction: Hypoglycemia is known to cause cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death by inducing oxidative stress, QT prolongation, and myocardial injury. Chromosomal deletion of 1p36 is associated with learning difficulty, progressive renal disease, and cardiomyopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient with 1p36 deletion syndrome and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who developed cardiac arrest due to hypoglycemia. Case Presentation: A 26-year-old female presented to the emergency department with generalized itching, weakness, and progressive dyspnea after missing multiple hemodialysis (HD) sessions. She was admitted for HD and her stay was complicated by an episode of coffee-ground emesis and she was nil per oral (NPO) for an endoscopy. That night, the patient became bradycardic and had a cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Fingerstick blood glucose was undetectable during resuscitation and ROSC was achieved instantaneously after dextrose administration. The patient had no history of diabetes and was refusing glucose checks while NPO. She had a remarkable neurological recovery post-cardiac arrest. However, her glucose levels remained persistently low despite maximally tolerated feeds. An extensive workup for persistent hypoglycemia including peptide C levels, hba1c, and insulin level were within normal limits. Her cortisol level was appropriately raised. CT scan of the head performed was normal. Cardiac catheterization revealed no coronary artery disease. Discussions: Hypoglycemia was removed from the Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) algorithm as a reversible cause of cardiac arrest in 2010. Our case is a reminder of a life-threatening yet quickly reversible cause of cardiac arrest. Conclusions: ESRD increases the risk of hypoglycemia due to decreased insulin clearance and must be carefully monitored while NPO. Physicians have to be aware that routine dextrose administration during cardiac resuscitation does not improve survival and neurological outcomes.
Objective: The study's goal is to find out how common iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is among those who have helicobacter pylori infection. Study Design: Cross-sectional/prospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at BHU 28 GB Jaranwala within duration of Aug 2021-Feb 2022. Methods: In all, there were 95 patients of all sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 70. Detailed information about each patient's background and current residence was obtained through informed written permission from each one. It was found that every patient in this research had helicobacter pylori infection. Blood samples from the individuals were tested for serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity. It is possible to identify H. pylori infection by the use of urea breath tests, stool antigen testing, fast urease testing, or histopathology. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Results: Among 95 patients, 57 (60%) were females and 38 (40%) were males. Mean age of the patients 33.41±8.44 years with mean BMI 25.09±7.31 kg/m2. Most of the cases were illiterate and were from rural areas. 55 (57.9%) cases had poor socio-economic status. Mean Hemoglobin level was 12.1±3.11 (g/dl) mean serum iron level was 49.5±8.31 (ug/dl) and mean serum ferritin level was 121.6±31.56 (ng per ml).Frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found in 40 (42.1%) patients. Conclusion: According to our findings, a substantial increase in iron deficiency anaemia was seen in helicobacter pylori-infected adults, the majority of whom were female. Keywords: H.pylori infection, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
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