Improper handling of household solid waste causes problems that affect public health and the environment, as well as the aesthetic nature of cities. This paper aims to determine if the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and its extended version can be used to predict household recycling intention (RI), and whether perceived lack of facilitating conditions have a moderating role on households' RI in Nigeria. Data from a sample of 393 households from Kano metropolis Nigeria were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result reveals that the TPB Model predicts households RI in Nigeria and explains 42% of the variance in RI. Attitude is the most important predictor of RI in the TPB model (β = 0.593, p = 0.000). However, after personal norm (PN) was added into the model, the variance in RI increases to 58% and PN becomes the most important predictor of RI in the extended TPB model (β = 0.496, p = 0.000). Perceived lack of facilitating condition was found to have a significant moderating effect on households' RI. Finally, our findings show that providing households with recycling facilities and local collections holds great promise for improving households' intention to recycle.

This research provides the instructional exploration of analytic geometry pattern based on van Hiele thinking pattern, and the potential of GeoGebra effect on experimental group along with its nested group (high and low achievers) in comparison with control group in analytic geometry. To investigate the significant effect of GeoGebra, the two match groups were constructed on their previous grade-11 mathematics records with almost equal statistical background and with the same compatibility in the biological age. Further, six-week experiments of 22 lessons were prepared and two teaching methods (tradition vs DGS aided instructions) were tested. Three hypotheses were carried out i.e. Treatment does not significantly affect, the two groups in mathematical achievement mean scores and, the higher and low achievers of the two groups in mathematical achievement mean scores. To measure the treatment effect, t-test was used by SPSS. Analyses of the research revealed that experimental group performed well, while; GeoGebra was influential in favor of low achievers in comparison to control low achievers.

One of the reasons to use technology in education is to visualize and explore the insight of mathematics with optimum possibilities. Geogebra gives visual meaning to symbolic ideas along with optimum dynamic possibilities. The purpose of this experimental study was to know about the potential effect of dynamic geometry software on diverse students' mathematical thinking behavior. For which a sample of forty students (grade-12) of F.G Inter College for Boys Mardan Cantt was selected. On the of their previous grade-11 standardized exams two groups along with their nested factors higher and lower achievers students were constructed. To investigate students' mathematical thinking basis in the subject of analytic geometry, a model behavior of thinking with its six aspects was constructed on the basis of this model a well-design criterion test was developed for data collection. The six dependent variables were combined together to form the total mathematical thinking in this research study. Further, six week experiments of 22 lessons were prepared and two teaching methods traditional vs DGS (Dynamic Geometry Software) aided instructions were tested for two groups with almost equal statistical background and with the same compatibility in the biological age. Two hypotheses were carried out i.e. Treatment does not significantly affect the higher and low achievers of the two groups in mathematical thinking mean scores. To check the significant effect of the treatment on the students' overall mathematical thinking variable across the groups, the two-way (ANOVA) was used and analyzed through as statistical tool SPSS. The study findings showed that treatment did significantly affect the higher and lower achievers of the two groups in mathematical thinking mean scores.

Dendritic cells that have phagocytized CD40L-expressing apoptotic tumor cells appear to offer new strategies in DC cancer vaccines.

Although few studies have attempted to explain residents’ waste handling behaviour from social and psychological perspective, yet, there is little understanding regarding the influence of households’ moral obligation, consequences awareness, and perceived lack of facilitating conditions on forming recycling intention. This study aims at investigating the key determinants of household recycling intention using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Data collected from 422 households in Kano metropolis were analysed using structural equation modelling to determine the influence of each predictor on the recycling intention. The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, personal norm, consequences awareness and perceived lack of facilitating conditions significantly predict recycling intention, with attitude being the most significant predictor of households’ intention. Additional analysis on the effect of households’ income level on their recycling intention shows that income level moderates the relationships between attitude and recycling intention, personal norms—recycling intention, and perceived lack of facilitating conditions— recycling intention. The findings provide valuable suggestions for recycling policies that can focus on households’ intention formation by providing recycling facilities, encouraging participation through market-driven recycling programs, and promoting recycling awareness and education.

A atividade antitireóidea do 6-cloropurina, in vitro, foi determinada espectrofotometricamente por estudos de formação de seu complexo com iodo. O complexo mostrou estequiometria de 1:1. A constante de formação do complexo encontrada foi 7,652 × 10 3 L mol -1, o que indicou um bom potencial de 6-cloropurina, como agente antitireóideo. Posteriores verificações mostraram mudanças nos níveis hormonais tireóideos em coelhos machos, in vivo, após administração da dose via intraperitoneal (i.p.) durante 14 dias e medindo os níveis de triiodotironina (T 3 ) e tetraiodotironina (T 4 ) livres, na circulação sanguínea, usando-se a técnica de radioimunoensaio. As análises de sangue mostraram decréscimo nos níveis de T 3 e T 4 livres em animais tratados, quando comparados com os controles. Desta maneira, confirmou-se uma boa atividade antitireóidea do 6-cloropurina.Antithyroid activity of 6-chloropurine was determined, in vitro, by studying its complex formation with iodine spectrophotometrically. The complex exhibited a 1:1 stoichiometry. Formation constant (K c ) of the complex was found to be 7.652 × 10 3 L mol -1, which indicated good antithyroid potential of 6-chloropurine. For further verification, changes in the thyroid hormone levels of the male rabbits were observed, in vivo, after administering the dose through intra peritoneal (i.p.) injections for 14 days and measuring free triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and tetraiodothyronine (T 4 ) levels in the blood serum using radioimmunoassay technique. The blood assays showed decrease in free T 3 and T 4 levels in the treated animals as compared to the control ones thus confirming fairly good antithyroid activity of 6-choloropurine.

Although few studies have attempted to explain residents’ waste handling behaviour from social and psychological perspective, yet, there is little understanding regarding the influence of households’ moral obligation, consequences awareness, and perceived lack of facilitating conditions on forming recycling intention. This study aims at investigating the key determinants of household recycling intention using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Data collected from 422 households in Kano metropolis were analysed using structural equation modelling to determine the influence of each predictor on the recycling intention. The results indicate that attitude, subjective norms, personal norm, consequences awareness and perceived lack of facilitating conditions significantly predict recycling intention, with attitude being the most significant predictor of households’ intention. Additional analysis on the effect of households’ income level on their recycling intention shows that income level moderates the relationships between attitude and recycling intention, personal norms—recycling intention, and perceived lack of facilitating conditions— recycling intention. The findings provide valuable suggestions for recycling policies that can focus on households’ intention formation by providing recycling facilities, encouraging participation through market-driven recycling programs, and promoting recycling awareness and education.

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The aims of this development research are to produce teaching materials in the form of bioinformatics module based on problem-based learning titled analysis of the potential of natural compounds <em>in silico</em> as drug candidates that meet the requirements for validity and practicality to be used in bioinformatics courses. The research method used is research and development method with ADDIE development model which consists of five stages. The validation test result by media experts, material experts, and field practitioners in sequentially obtained the percentage of 98.15%, 91.07%, and 95.97%. The practicality test results obtained a percentage of 87.46%. The conclusion of this development research is the bioinformatics module that has been developed has met the requirements of validity and practicality and can be used without revision.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa modul bioinformatika berbasis <em>problem-based learning</em> berjudul analisis potensi senyawa alami secara <em>in silico </em>sebagai kandidat obat yang memenuhi syarat kevalidan dan kepraktisan untuk dapat digunakan pada matakuliah bioinformatika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa metode penelitian dan pengembangan (<em>research and development</em>) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahapan. Hasil uji validasi oleh ahli media, ahli materi dan praktisi lapangan secara berurutan diperoleh persentase 98.15%, 91.07%, dan 95.97%. Hasil uji kepraktisan diperoleh persentase 87.46%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah modul bioinformatika yang telah dikembangkan telah memenuhi syarat kevalidan dan kepraktisan serta dapat digunakan tanpa perlu revisi.