There are many studies on biology learning for primary school prospective teachers have been conducted in order to improve learning quality. This research aimed to produce a learning design in form of integrated instructional kit of CIRC and guided inquiry (CirGI). The research method used was research and development adapted from 4D development model of Thiagarajan consisted of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research was limited up to the develop stage. The research result indicated that the product of CirGi instructional kit development in form of the syllabus, lesson plan, student worksheets, and evaluation instruments in form of scientific literacy and mastery of biology concept for primary school in Primary School Teacher Education in Pakuan University. The research result is expected to give a contribution to learning and to be further developed to achieve Biology learning objectives that could empower scientific literacy and the mastery of biology concept.

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study was intended to display the role of eco-school program (Adiwiyata) towards environtmental literacy (EL) of high school students by analyzing, (a) EL of students in Adiwiyata and non-Adiwiyata high schools, and (b) EL of students in Grade X and XI, Adiwiya and non-Adiwiyata high schools in Malang-East Java, Indonesia. The survey involved 275 students. The respondents were from four state high school i.e. SMAN 1, SMAN 3, SMAN 4, and SMAN 7. Data were taken via MSELS questionnaire that was modified and filled online. Aspects of EL include ecological knowledge, environmental affect, cognitive skills, and behavior. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the level of students’ EL was significantly influenced by school type and grade. However, the interaction both of them had no significant effect on their EL. Univariate results on school type factor informed that significant differences occured in all aspects of EL, where the lower identified level of students in Adiwiyata schools compared to Non-Adiwiyata was only in the environmental affect. On the other hand, the significant influence of grade level only occurred in cognitive skills aspect. Broadly speaking, all data analyzes concluded that the application of the Adiwiyata program was able to bring a positive impact on the level of students’ EL. There was also a tendency that the higher the student's grade, the better their EL level.</p>

The implementation of CIRC learning is expected to increase the academic achievement in biology of pre-service elementary school teachers. Cooperative learning is based on positive interdependenc y, fac e to fac e interac tion, individual responsibility, communication between members in group and process evaluation in group. The research aimed to study the influence of CIRC on academic ac hievement in biology in Course of Basic Concept of Biology for Elementary S chool. The researc h was conducted for one semester to all students of Primary S chool Teac her Education Program in Faculty of Teac her Training and Education, Pakuan University, Indonesia consisted of 59 students. The research was quasi experiment with randomize factor. Research variables consisted of learning model and academic achievement in biology. Indicators used in ac ademic ac hievement in biology referred to the c ognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy level. Data used was the result of pretest and posttest of ac ademic ac hievement in biology. Ancova and de scriptive data statistic were used as data analysis. Ancova test resulted in significance level of 0.000 less than alpha of 0.05. It c an be concluded that CIRC gave better influence on academic achievement in biology compare to conventional learning. It was suggested that lecturer and teac her could implement CIRC to inc rease biology achievement. Active learning with CIRC is able to make students reconstruct biologic al material, thus the knowledge could be in long term memory.

The development of new teaching and learning material can help students to pre-pare the new 21st century relevant skills. One of the new teaching and learning materials was the interactive digital e-book named flipbook that became one solu-tion in genetics learning. This study aims to develop the preliminary interactive genetics flipbook design based Aurora 3D Animation Maker and Anchored In-struction learning models in Protein Synthesis material. This preliminary study was conducted at the Biology Education Study Program, IKIP Budi Utomo Ma-lang, Indonesia. The method used is the Thiagarajan development model. The re-sults showed that the interactive genetics flipbook based Aurora 3D Animation Maker and Anchored Instruction learning models were feasible to use in a genetic subject, especially to enhance students' critical thinking at the university level.

The research aimed to product a learning material related to animation video on enzyme and metabolism material for high school student which is validated by media and material experts, educational practition and student legibility. Research and development model is ADDIE with quantitative-qualitative data analyzing methode. Data collection was obtained from validation results by media and material experts, educational partition and student legibility. The validation results were scores and suggestion. The percentage of product from expert media validation (100%), expert material validation (89,58%), educational practition (84,61%), and student legibility (81,91%) showed valid of the criteria and feasible to use after revision.

This study is a quantitative research conducted to analyze the integration of project activity to increase the scientific process skill and self-efficacy. While uncovering the effect of each indicator of every predictor, a descriptive qualitative analysis has been done. Respondents in this research were biology students in teacher. The sample of 30 respondents were taken by random sampling technique. Research instruments were in the form of scientific process skill test and self-efficacy inventory. The hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Integration of project activity has significant effect towards scientific skill process at 0.038 with F value of 4.524 and also have a significant effect for self effication at 0.018 with F value of 0.018. Based on results analysis, it is concluded that there was an effect of project activity integration in Zoology of Vertebrate teaching and learning on pre-service teachers' scientific process skill and self-efficacy, with significance level of 0.05.

Purpose The management of cervical facet dislocation injuries remains controversial. The main purpose of this investigation was to identify whether a surgeon's geographic location or years in practice influences their preferred management of traumatic cervical facet dislocation injuries. Methods A survey was sent to 272 AO Spine members across all geographic regions and with a variety of practice experience. The survey included clinical case scenarios of cervical facet dislocation injuries and asked responders to select preferences among various diagnostic and management options. Results A total of 189 complete responses were received. Over 50% of responding surgeons in each region elected to initiate management of cervical facet dislocation injuries with an MRI, with 6 case exceptions. Overall, there was considerable agreement between American and European responders regarding management of these injuries, with only 3 cases exhibiting a significant difference. Additionally, results also exhibited considerable management agreement between those with ≤ 10 and > 10 years of practice experience, with only 2 case exceptions noted. Conclusion More than half of responders, regardless of geographical location or practice experience, identified MRI as a screening imaging modality when managing cervical facet dislocation injuries, regardless of the status of the spinal cord and prior to any additional intervention. Additionally, a majority of surgeons would elect an anterior approach for the surgical management of these injuries. The study found overall agreement in management preferences of cervical facet dislocation injuries around the globe.

Analysis of fatty acid contents and pharmacological properties of Pliek U oil was performed. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and pharmacological properties based on its potential on filament-aggregating protein (filaggrin) were studied with bioinformatics approach by the reverse docking technique using palmitic acid as a control compound. Two Pliek U extracts, namely, Pliek U oil (PUO) and ethanolic Pliek U oil extract (EPUOE), were prepared. The GC-MS results revealed that lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid are the predominant fatty acids, with lauric acid being the abundant one in all Pliek U oil extracts. The reverse docking technique results showed that oleic acid had the most stable interaction to filaggrin with the lowest binding affinity (−6.1 kcal/mol). Oleic acid and palmitic acid have one same side binding to filaggrin on amino acid LEU D75. These findings indicated that oleic acid has the best potential to be used as a drug candidate in atopic dermatitis treatment.