Objective: To check the correlation of child temperament with severity of early childhood caries in children aged 3-6 years. Design of the Study: It’s a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from August 2020 to August 2021. Material and Methods: Total 700 children aged between 3-6 years who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected along with their parents/ primary caregivers. In the present study temperament was assessed using Thomas and Chess’s parent temperament questionnaire. Both intensity and frequency of occurrence of that particular behavior was considered, each entity is scored on a five (5) point scale. Rating is done on negative and positive directions in which scores of 1-5 represent the extremes of intensity and frequency of occurrence of that behavior. At the midpoint, score of 3 is average according to the parent’s insights. Results of the Study: Among the study group of, 24% belonged to the age group 3 years, 29% belonged to age group 4 years, 27% belonged to the age group 5 years and 20% belonged to the age group 6 years. Forty nine percent among the study group were male participants whereas 51% were female participants. Fifty percent of the participants among the study population had caries while 46% of the study participants were free of caries. The results showed that children with caries had lower overall temperament scores (36.49± 5.67) compared to subjects without caries (38.82± 5.43).There was a statistically significant correlation with p<0.001. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between child temperament scores of Sociability, Energy and Emotionality and Caries Severity Index scores. No correlation could be established with Attentivity and Rhythmicity scores. It can be concluded that in early childhood caries child temperament is a risk factor. Keywords: Temperament, Early Childhood Caries
Background: Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a sudden discontinuity through the mandibular bone. In the treatment of un-favorable mandibular angle fractures, 3D plating system was analogous to double miniplates Osteosynthesis. Over the last century, the indicators for closed vs. open reduction have shifted considerably. Objective: To compare the outcome of conventional miniplates versus 3-D miniplates for reduction of mandibular fractures Material & Methods Study Design: It was randomized control trial Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: 6 months i.e. from 24-04-2017 to 24-10-2017 Data collection: 70 mandibular fracture patients were enrolled. The patients were split into two groups. Group A is treated with 3D plates technique and group B treated with conventional mini plate technique. After surgery patients were evaluated for plate failure or and at 1 month for occlusal discrepancy. All the data was entered and put in SPSS version 21. Results: In this study the mean age of the group A patients was 29.29±1.802 years whereas the mean value of age in group B patients was 35.69±11.65 years, male/female ratio of the patients was 1.05:1. Plate was successfully inserted in 100% patients by 3D mini-plate technique. The occlusal discrepancy was noted in 8(11.43%) patients (p-value=0.005). Conclusion: 3-D mini-plates for reduction of mandibular fractures is significantly more efficacious than to conventional mini-plates method Keywords: 3-D mini-plates, Conventional, Mandibular Fractures,
Objective: To compare the wound healing with triangular flap versus envelope flap techniques among patients undergoing surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM). Study Design: An open label randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 70 patients (35 in each group) of both genders aged 20 to 50 years requiring surgical removal of IMTM were included. Patients were asked to follow up on third and seventh day while observations regarding wound healing and pain were noted on 7th day among all cases completing the final follow up. Chi square was applied to compare data between both study groups taking p-value below 0.05 as significant. Results: In a total of 70 patients, there were 42 (60.0%) female and 28 (40.0%) female. Majority of the patients, 36 (51.4%) were above 30 years of age while mean age was noted to be 32.4+9.1 years. Sixty two patients completed the follow up so they were included in the final analysis for the assessment of wound healing and pain. Overall, wound healing was observed to be in 55/62 (88.7%) patients while wound healing was found to be 30/32 (93.8%) patients in envelope flap group in comparison to 25/30 (83.3%) in triangular flap group (p=0.1953). Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in between both study group with regards to evaluation of pain (p=0.3271) Conclusion: Both envelop flap and triangular flap techniques resulted in similar outcomes regarding wound healing among patients undergoing surgical removal of IMTM. Both flap techniques resulted in relatively similar degrees of post-surgery pain. Keywords: Third molar, pain, wound healing.
Objective: To determine anesthetic efficacy of single buccal infiltration of 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine in extraction of maxillary 1st molar. Study Settings: This study was carried out at The Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from March 2021 to August 2021. Material and Methods: Patients were divided in two groups randomly Articaine HCl. 4% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 injection and Lignocaine HCl. 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 injection. Buccal infiltration was given in the area between the two molar buccal roots, along the long axis. One person carried out all injections by using slow injection method (roughly 1ml/min) and deposited full cartridge (1.8ml of solution). 4% articaine or 2% lignocaine was used on each patient when extraction was performed however in cartridges labeled 1 to 100 with the use of suitable blinding technique. Results of the Study: VAS scores after injection of lignocaine were: mild for 5 patients (10%), moderate for 34 patients (68%), and severe for 11 patients (22%), while none of the patients reported with no pain after lignocaine injection. The mean pain experienced by patients on VAS, after extraction using articaine was 2.70 ± 1.91 and VAS after extraction using lignocaine was 2.58 ± 1.94. Conclusion: It was concluded that during articaine single buccal injection observed pain is significantly less in contrast to combined buccal and palatal lignocaine injection.. Keywords: Single buccal infiltration, articaine, lignocaine, maxillary 1st molar
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