Background: End stage chronic liver disease results in the growth of fibrous tissue, the disruption of hepatic architecture, and the formation of nodules, which interfere with liver function and contribute to portal hypertension. Esophageal varices might arise when blood flow through liver is impeded, most typically by scar tissue in the liver caused by liver disease. For high-risk EV diagnosis, endoscopy is the gold standard, but is not available at most health centres in our nation. In individuals at high risk of esophageal varices, performing endoscopies on a yearly or biannual basis can be difficult. We wish to conduct a noninvasive investigation to gather local evidence and to confirm the accuracy of splenic index determined by ultrasonography in detection of EVs. Objective: To find out diagnostic accuracy of splenic index measured by Ultrasound for noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal varices keeping endoscopy as gold standard.
Dr. Muhammad Jamil Akhtar was born on November 2, 1959, in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). He received his early education there, then migrated to Pakistan when he was merely 13 years old.
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease with high mortality rate. Imaging has a significant and decisive interplay in the diagnosis process and in staging of the patients with carcinoma. Thus MRI detection of linear metastasis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma is of great importance. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the detection of linear metastasis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma Methodology: Systematic literature search was conducted by the help of following search engines: Google scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Medline and Medscape databases from 1999 up to 2020 for names or pancreatic carcinoma, MRI, diagnostic accuracy of MRI in carcinoma, management of motion artifact in MRI, RADAR sequence for motion compensation in MRI. Only those studies were included in this review study which showed the role MRI detection in the patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Total 33 studies were selected and evaluated for the current study. All data extracted from them was further analyzed through meta-analysis. Results: According to literature MRI detection technique is responsible in the detection of linear metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was high with four out of five studies indicating diagnostic accuracy greater than 90%. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the technique is high i.e. above 0.80 and 0.78 respectively. Thus MRI stands as the significant and accurate marker for the detection of metastasis especially in the case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The reviewed literature indicated that MRI possesses high diagnostic accuracy for detection of pancreatic carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI was also high. The results indicated that the use of MRI may help in early detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Key words: Pancreatic carcinoma, Linear metastasis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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