Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method has been developed rapidly as an alternative numerical method to solve the fluid physics problem. This meshless method is able to identify the physical entity of each fluid by interpolating the corresponding physical entity associated with the neighboring particles within the influence domain. Three-dimensional fluid flows on circular vertical pipe contraction were studied by using this method. The numerical model will be simulated by varying the number of fluid particles and the number of kernel particles within the influence domain. The conservation of mass, conservation of energy and the minor loss coefficient will be evaluated. The mass conservation and energy conservation will be reached by considering the appropriate number of initial particles and kernel particles. The results of the minor loss coefficient achieved from the numerical simulation are between 1.992 and 2.836.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.