The purpose of this research is to delineate the structures of the Lower Goru Formation, investigate fluid properties, and clarify the hydrocarbon-prone areas through seismic attributes analysis. First, the acquired data was matched by the interpretation datum. Structural analysis was done by performing horizon interpretation, fault interpretation, and contour mapping on the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. Hydrocarbon zones were marked with the help of attribute analysis on seismic sections and were justified by petrophysical analysis. An integrated approach such as seismic structural interpretation, seismic attribute, spectral decomposition, and petrophysical analyses was used in current research to better understand geological structure and features. This research showed that normal faults are present in the area showing negative flower structure, horst and graben, and faults oriented north-west to south-east. The contour map shows structural inclination and faults bound closure near well locations. Variance attribute and spectral decomposition attribute were used to verify horizon lineation and fault behavior. Instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase attributes justify hydrocarbon bearing zones, and bright spots are present on seismic sections at C–Interval of Lower Goru Formation. Petrophysical analysis of the available wells showed a number of significant hydrocarbon zones having more than 55% of hydrocarbon saturation at the C-Interval of the Lower Goru Formation. The four possible reservoir zones in Sawan-02 well, two zones in Sawan-07 well, and three zones in Sawan-09 well are identified based on well data interpretation. Based on these analyses, the area of interest has a very good reservoir potential, structural closure, and visible bright spots. The current finding of this research will be helpful for future exploration and development of the Sawan area.
The Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan has substantial hydrocarbon potential with the Cretaceous Sembar Formation as its principal source rock. While studies have identified the shale gas potential of the Sembar Formation, no extensive research has been conducted to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of thick packages of sands encountered within it. This study is intended to fill this research gap by identifying the hidden-untapped thick packages of sands of the Sembar Formation for the first time in the Khewari and Gambat areas. We use well log and seismic reflection data to define the thickness, depth distribution, and petrophysical properties for reservoir characterization. This integrated modeling identifies favorable zones for gas production and the spatial distribution of sand packages with excellent reservoir properties in thickness (≈200 m), almost continuous sand packages suitable for hydrocarbon exploration. The Suleman-01 well has a very good hydrocarbon reservoir potential with 70% sand volume, approximately 13% effective porosity, 3.57 millidarcys average permeability, and approximately 58–60% hydrocarbon saturation. We suggest that the post-collisional tectonics of the Indian and Eurasian plates affected the depositional geometry of the Sembar Formation in such a way that it trends from shallower to deeper from western to eastern parts of the study area. Similarly, reservoir quality sands follow the positive upward trend from west to east toward the Indian shield. We propose that the approach implemented in this study is applicable to the entire Lower Indus Basin and further toward the Rajasthan Basin in India in the east and Zagros fold-and-thrust belt in Iran in the west. This approach would help assess the undeveloped hydrocarbon potential of the Sembar Formation sands and related formations in South Asia and worldwide.
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