Whey is a liquid produced from the separation of curd that its utilization is still very limited, so it can cause environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of starter concentration on alcohol, pH, and total titrated acids in whey kefir. Pasteurized whey was added starter with concentration of 5, 7, and 9% (w/v) then incubated at 20°C for 24 hours. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used was cow milk added 5% starter as control (T0), whey added starter 5% (T1), whey added starter 7% (T2), and whey added starter 9% (T3). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the higher starter concentration, the higher the alcohol content and tend to increase the total value of titrated acids (TTA).
Isolasi dan karakterisasi parsial kolagen dari teripang gamma (Stichopus variegatus) telah dilakukan. Isolasi dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu preparasi, ekstraksi dan isolasi. Tahap preparasi meliputi tahapan penyiangan, pencucian dan perendaman dalam akuades, dalam alkohol, dalam larutan Tris-HCl dan etilenadiaminatetraasetat (EDTA) dan perendaman dalam larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan perendaman asam asetat 0,5M. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara pengendapan menggunakan NaCl dilanjutkan proses dialisis. Isolat kolagen teripang gamma yang diperoleh memiliki rendemen sebesar 16,40% (bobot kering), nilai pH 6,08 dan derajat putih 77,02%. Gugus fungsi kolagen terdiri dari amida A (3412 cm-1), B (2929 cm-1), I (1654 cm-1), II (1554 cm-1), dan III (1239 cm-1). Asam amino utama penyusun kolagen yaitu glisin, prolin, dan alanin, masing-masing sebesar 16,88%; 6,71%; dan 6,42%. Kolagen yang dihasilkan merupakan kolagen tipe I, diduga terdiri dari 3 rantai a1 yang homolog dengan berat molekul 130,33 kDa.
Teripang merupakan salah satu echinodermata yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan sekitar 70% dari proteinnya merupakan kolagen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas inhibitor Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) dan antioksidan dari peptida kolagen teripang Gama (Stichopus variegatus). Ekstraksi kolagen dilakukan menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M. Peptida kolagen diperoleh melalui hidrolisis kolagen menggunakan enzim pepsin dengan konsentrasi 0,1 U/g kolagen, selama 0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 180; dan 240 menit. Aktivitas inhibitor ACE dan antioksidan peptida kolagen diuji dengan metode spektroskopi. Kolagen yang dihasilkan memiliki rendemen 16,40% dengan berat molekul 130,33 kDa. Aktivitas inhibitor ACE tertinggi dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisis selama 180 menit dengan penghambatan sebesar 82,31%, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh peptida kolagen dari hidrolisis kolagen selama 120 menit dengan nilai IC 50 1,9 mg/ml.
The aim of this research was to determine the physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which was extracted by using acid method. The experiment was a completely non factorial randomized design (CDR)with three treatments and three replications. The treatment were (P1) with the concentration of HCl 2.5%, (P2) with the concentration of HCl 5%, and (P3) with the concentration of HCl 7.5%. The result showed that yields of each treatment were 4.97%, 6.24%, and 6.11%. pH of gelatin was 4.76, 4.0, and 3.56. Water contents of gelatin in each treatment were 9.01%, 13.43%, and 13.84%. Ash contents in each treatment were 27.02%, 3.42%, and 20.3%. Fat contents were 6.5%, 6.74%, and 5.77%. Protein contents were 51.67%, 65.43%, and 59.05%. While carbohydrate contents were 5.80%, 0.98%, and 1.04% in each treatment.Generally, the difference of acid solution concentration was not significant (P>0.05) on physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin except ash content. P2 treatment gave the best physicochemical properties so that its color degree and functional group was analyzed. Color degree assays gave result L=30.35, a=-0.46, dan b=3.51. Functional group analysis showed that duck bone gelatin had chemical shift on Amide A, B, I, II, and III. The conclusion was the extraction of duck bone gelatin by using 5% acid solution had physicochemical properties which wasappropriate with SNI and similar with commercial gelatin.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan dengan berbagai bahan penstabil terhadap sifat fisikokimia mayonnaise. Jenis bahan penstabil yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu CMC, gum arab, dan xanthan gum dengan penyimpanan menggunakan suhu ruang selama 8 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 sampel 5 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel berupa S0 (tanpa bahan penstabil), S1 (CMC 1%), S2 (Gum arab 1%), dan S3 (Xanthan gum 1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan berbagai bahan penstabil dan lama penyimpanan mayonnaise pada sifat fisik menunjukkan hasil nyata (P<0,05) pada penyimpanan dan tidak terjadi interaksi namun pada sifat kimia menunjukkan hasil (pH, FFA, Kadar air) nyata (P<0,05) pada berbagai jenis bahan penstabil dan penyimpanan serta ada interaksi pada parameter kadar air. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masing-masing bahan penstabil memiliki keunggulan dan kestabilan yang berbeda disetiap parameter sehingga perlakuan terbaik tidak bisa dipastikan.
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