ABSTRAKANALISIS CACAT BLISTER PADA KELONGSONG BAHAN BAKAR U 3 Si 2 /Al MENGGUNAKAN ULTRASONIC TEST. Integritas bahan bakar adalah salah satu aspek keselamatan yang harus dipertimbangkan selama reaktor nuklir beroperasi. Terbentuknya cacat pada bahan bakar setelah digunakan di dalam reaktor tidak diinginkan, karena dapat mempengaruhi unjuk kerja bahan bakar. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan uji pasca iradiasi untuk menjamin integritas bahan bakar. Uji tak merusak menggunakan ultrasonic test adalah salah satu metode alternatif untuk melakukan uji pasca iradiasi. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya cacat blister pada kelongsong bahan bakar nuklir tipe pelat. Pada uji pasca iradiasi menggunakan ultrasonic test perlu ditentukan parameter operasi agar diperoleh hasil yang akurat. Penentuan optimasi parameter ultrasonic test dilakukan terhadap kelongsong bahan bakar U 3 Si 2 /Al yang terdapat cacat blister. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan dua teknik, yaitu teknik pulse-echo dan through transmission. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh display A-scan berupa sebuah sinyal yang menunjukkan adanya cacat atau tidak. Tingginya sinyal tersebut kemudian dievaluasi sehingga diperoleh parameter optimal untuk penentuan adanya cacat. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa cepat rambat gelombang longitudinal di medium air diperoleh sebesar 1545 m/s. Jarak optimal antara probe terhadap benda uji dengan teknik pulse-echo adalah 20 mm. Jarak optimal antar kedua probe dengan teknik through transmission adalah 40 mm. Pengujian pada bagian blister dengan teknik pulse-echo terjadi penurunan sinyal luaran sebesar 19 %FSH, sedangkan dengan teknik through transmission terjadi penurunan sinyal luaran sebesar 80 %FSH. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode ultrasonic test dapat mendeteksi adanya blister pada pelat elemen bakar secara efektif. Dari kedua teknik yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi adanya cacat di dalam kelongsong bahan bakar diperoleh hasil bahwa teknik through transmission menunjukkan perbedaan sinyal luaran yang lebih jelas antara bagian normal dengan bagian blister pada kelongsong bahan bakar dibandingkan teknik pulseecho. Parameter optimal dan teknik through transmission yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan digunakan untuk menentukan cacat pada pelat elemen bakar pasca iradiasi.Kata kunci: ultrasonic test, kelongsong AlMg2, blister, pulse-echo, through transmission.
Background: Transforming the abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge into beneficial substances such as an organic amendments is vital in the recycling of waste. Vermicomposting from treated POME sludge (TPS) was evaluated on the effect of soil physicochemical properties, crop performances and to determine the best treatment effect on the biomass of the hybrid grain maize (Zea mays L.). Methods: The experimental layout was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The grain maize cultivated in Bungor series soil (Ultisol) comprising of (T1) control (NPK fertilizer), (T2) 1 kg of vermicompost, (T3) 2 kg vermicompost, (T4) 1 kg TPS and T5 (2 kg TPS) with six replications, for a period of 100 days from June to September 2019. Half of the NPK fertilizer dosage applied from the recommended practices. Result: The treatments with 50% reduction of NPK rate significantly (p less than 0.05) affected soil physicochemical properties. The dry matter production, crop performance analysis (net photosynthesis, stomata conductance and transpiration rate) and root weight density were also increased significantly using 2 kg of vermicompost treatment. Vermicompost application demonstrated the best treatment effect on soil properties and grain maize productivity. Utilization of POME sludge waste into organic amendment through vermicomposting approach would become very crucial practices to be adopted in reducing the abundance waste.
Peat shear strength measurement in the laboratory is very challenging because undisturbed sampling of very soft peat is very difficult to get. Traditional in-situ test such as standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) on peat also have problems i.e. they are very heavy and the measurement is not sensitive on very soft peat. This study described the application of portable soil strength probe on peat. The tool can measure penetration resistance in term of stress and torsion in newton meter. Peat samplings and physical laboratory tests were also conducted. The location of the study is Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The result revealed that peat (up to 6-meter depth) at the location is mainly sapric, low ash content with water content more 1000%. Penetration resistance is predominantly 400 kPa. While shear test depicts that peat is mainly frictional with friction angle mainly between 17-21 degrees and very low cohesion i.e. 0.8-3kPa. This study revealed that fibre content correlate moderately with penetration resistance and shear strength. this preliminary work suggested that soil strength probe may be useful for peat characterization.
Biomass briquette stove is a cooking tool that is still widely used by the people of the interior of South Sulawesi. Even in urban areas, it is not uncommon to find their use because of the ease of obtaining briquettes and its relatively good efficiency. This study aims to determine the best performance of a biomass stove from three types of clay material stove shapes in different configurations of geothermal variations. The three variations of the geometric shape of the stove are cylindrical, rectangular and hexagonal using biomass material from coconut shell charcoal in the shape of a honeycomb with an inner diameter of 15 mm and an outer diameter of 65 mm and a height of 45 mm. The uniqueness of this stove is the addition of a sleeve diameter of 180mm in the stove's combustion chamber as heat insulation so that the combustion process in the combustion chamber can be more perfect. The test results show that the presence of a flat surface on the stove wall will accelerate heat loss compared to the cylindrical surface. This is in line with the results which show that the highest rate of heat loss occurs in a rectangular shape, then a six-square shape, and the last is a cylindrical shape. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the cylindrical stove is the superior of the two in terms of flame temperature, ability to boil water and thermal efficiency of 798°C, 30 liters and 73.66%, respectively.
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on the Earth that is widely used in bio-based composites due to its high mechanical properties, availability and biodegradability. All-cellulose composites (ACCs) are known as a new class monocomponent of biocomposites due to both reinforcing and matrix phases that are based on cellulose. However, a technical challenge for ACCs is observed due to their propensity for high moisture absorption (water uptake), leading to the instability and deterioration of the mechanical properties. Therefore, this research focussed towards the improvement of the surface of ACCs in order to increase the resistance to water absorption. Prior to the characterisations, ACCs were chemically treated using dodecytriethoxysilane (DTES) coating solution by dip coating method. In this present study, the effects of two control factors: (i) DTES concentration (1.5, 7.5, and 12.5 vol%), and (ii) heating temperature (50, and 100 °C), were investigated on the ACCs. Upon completion of this treatment, three possible characterisations were conducted including of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption (WA) testing. Creation of polysiloxane layer was expected to reduce the tendency to absorb water in ACCs while being applied in the outdoor applications.
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