ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine and recommend the most up-to-date information on the indications, complications, and outcomes of posterior surgical treatments for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) on the basis of a literature review. MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed, using the MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases, for peer-reviewed articles published in English during the last 10 years. ResultsPosterior techniques, which include laminectomy alone, laminectomy with fusion, and laminoplasty, are often used in patients with involvement of 3 or more levels. Posterior decompression for CSM is effective for improving patients’ neurological function. Complications resulting from posterior cervical spine surgery include injury to the spinal cord and nerve roots, complications related to posterior screw fixation or instrumentation, C5 palsy, spring-back closure of lamina, and postlaminectomy kyphosis. ConclusionIt is necessary to consider multiple factors when deciding on the appropriate operation for a particular patient. Surgeons need to tailor preoperative discussions to ensure that patients are aware of these facts. Further research is needed on the cost-to-benefit analysis of various surgical approaches, the comparative efficacy of surgical approaches using various techniques, and long-term outcomes, as current knowledge is deficient in this regard.

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BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, which classifies the outbreak as an international emergency. This disease has been confirmed as the first pandemic in 21st century. Healthcare workers on the front line who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 are at risk of being stigmatized. AIM: This study was a review. METHODS: This study was conducted by conducting analytic appraisal using published journals and sources through an electronic database. RESULTS: From cases in Indonesia and other countries, there’s bunch of examples that healthcare workers being negatively stigmatized in case of COVID-19. They lost their rights to have a normal life in this pandemic era. DISCUSSION: The government itself has actually promoted socialization about COVID-19, including the importance of mutual support and assistance including morally and psychosocially for the sufferers and health workers involved. However, negative stigma for health workers and patients and their families suffering from COVID-19 remains strongly attached until nowadays. Synergy between the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials are certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the community. CONCLUSION: Synergy among the central government, regional governments, community leaders, and referral hospital officials is certainly important to overcome this stigma problem, in addition to promoting education in the communit

The aim of this review to determine recommendations for classification and radiological diagnosis of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Recommendation was made through a literature review of the last 10 years. The statements created by the authors were discussed and voted on during 2 consensus meetings organized by the WFNS (World Federation Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee. The literature review was yielded 256 abstracts, of which 32 were chosen for full-text analysis. Thirteen papers evaluated the reliability of a classification system by our expert members and were also chosen in this guideline analysis. This literature review-based recommendation provides the classification and radiologic diagnosis in thoracolumbar spine fractures that can elucidate the management decision-making in clinical practice.

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Latar Belakang: Kasus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) di Indonesia terus meningkat hingga 19.189 pada saat penelitian dilakukan (Mei 2020) dan mengakibatkan harga Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) melambung tinggi serta langka akibat pasokan yang terhambat. Kementerian Kesehatan telah mengeluarkan pedoman penggunaan APD secara rasional dan efektif bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam masa pandemi. Namun demikian, di lapangan banyak terjadi penggunaan APD yang tidak sesuai, baik kurang atau bahkan melebihi standar. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan belanja APD rumah sakit. Penelitian kepatuhan APD sudah banyak dilakukan, namun pada saat akan dilakukan penelitian ini, belum didapatkan publikasi yang khusus terkait dengan kepatuhan APD selama Covid-19 di Indonesia dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Oleh karena itu, perlu diteliti hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang standar penggunaan APD rasional dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD sesuai standar. Tujuan: Mengukur hubungan antara pengetahuan staf rumah sakit dengan tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan APD secara rasional di masa Pandemi Covid-19. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 221 staf RS Qolbu Insan Mulia (RS QIM) Kabupaten Batang Jawa Tengah dari populasi 496 staf yang dipilih melalui teknik stratified random sampling berdasarkan zonasi Covid-19 dan jenis staf. Variabel berupa tingkat pengetahuan terhadap standar APD rasional dan kepatuhan penggunaan APD sesuai standar. Dianggap tidak patuh bila penggunaan APD kurang atau melebihi standar. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan staf tentang standar penggunaan APD rasional dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD sesuai standar (p 0,59). Kesimpulan: Kepatuhan penggunaan APD sesuai standar rasional dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain selain pengetahuan, seperti faktor ketersediaan APD, ketakutan, lama pengalaman kerja, dukungan lingkungan/ rekan kerja, dan tanggung jawab personal.

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Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of morbidity since it results in the inflammation process which leads to necrosis or apoptosis. Inflammatory response to the tissue damage increases IL-6 and IL-8 levels. ACTH4–10Pro8-Gly9-Pro10 is a peptide community that has been shown to have a beneficial effect on minimizing the morbidity and increasing the recovery time. Methods This study is a true experimental laboratory research with a totally randomized method. The subjects were animal models with light and extreme compression of spinal cord, respectively. Results The administration of ACTH 4–10 in mild SCI in the 3-hour observation group did not show a significant difference in IL-6 expression compared with the 6-hour observation group. The administration of ACTH 4–10 in severe SCI showed a significantly lower expression level of IL-6 in the 3-hour observation group compared with the 6-hour one. The administration of ACTH 4–10 in severe SCI led to a significantly lower IL-8 expression in the 3-hour observation group compared with the 6-hour one. However, there was no significant difference in IL-8 expression in the group receiving ACTH 4–10 in 3 hours observation compared with that in 6 hours observation. Conclusion The administration of ACTH4–10Pro8-Gly9-Pro10 can reduce the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at 3-hour and 6-hour observation after mild and severe SCI in animal models. Future research works are recommended.