No abstract

The second factor is the frequency of NPK fertilization consisting of four types of fertilization, namely: 1 time NPK fertilization during planting, 2 times NPK fertilization during planting and 10 days after planting (dap), 3 times NPK fertilization during planting, 10 dap and 20 dap, and 4 times NPK fertilizing during planting, 10 dap, 20 dap and 30 dap. The dose given is 15 g/plant (equivalent to 800 kg/ha) and NPK fertilizer given in the form of compound fertilizer N: P: K 16:16:16. The results showed that the best composition of the planting media was found in the treatment of sand media: soil: manure (10%: 60%: 30%). The best fertilizing frequency was found in the treatment of NPK fertilizing 4 times during planting, 10 dap, 10 dap, 30 dap, and the combination of both produces the most substantial plant length, weight, and fruit circumference.

The aims of this study is to determine the criticality of recharge area and to assest criticality of land that occurred in the Musi hydropower catchment area. The criticality of recharge area had been analyzed by using geographic information system applications. Based on that application which covering the total catchment area of 60.369,97 ha of musi Hydropower catchment area, it has been shown that the condition of recharge area that still in good condition was 43.215,39 ha (71,58%), naturally normal condition was 6.857,31 ha (11,36), begin to critical was 2.560,28 ha (4,24%), rather critical was 5.506,40 ha (9,12%), and in critical condition was 2.230,58 ha (3, 69%). Assessment of the criticality of land was done by assessing the land cover factor, slope factor and the calculation of the erosion of Musi Hulu sub watershed land. The results of this assessment showed that the state of the land which in the state of not critical was 18.415,387 hectares (30,504%), potentially critical was 15.870,359 Ha (26,289%), rather critical was 18.073,017 hectares (29,937%), critical was 4.674,979 hectares (7,744%), and very critical was 443,170 ha (0,734%). From those analysis, it can be concluded that the recharge area and landof Musi hydropower catchment area is in the state of begin to critical.

Perubahan pola hujan, pergeseran musim, kenaikan suhu merupakan dampak dari perubahan iklim. Perubahan pola hujan ini akan mempengaruhi system klasifikasi Schmidth-Ferguson dan Oldeman. Jumlah Bulan basah, bulan lembab dan bulan kering menjadi penentu dalam penentuan system klasifikasi Schmidth-Ferguson dan Oldeman. Provinsi Bengkulu mempuanyai pola hujan equatorial dengan dua puncak hujan di bulan November dan Januari dan hujan paling sedikit pada bulan Juni. Tipe iklim oldeman yang di miliki adalah tipe iklim A1, B1, C1 dan Tipe iklim Schmidth Ferguson A, B, C dan D (Sangat Basah, Basah, Agak Basah dan Sedang). Pergeseran tipe iklim Oldeman yang terjadi adalah pergeseran luasan, Tipe iklim A1 yang dominan bergeser luasan nya terdistribusi ke tipe iklim B1 dan C1 untuk daerah yang bergeser adalah hampir semua wilayah Bengkulu kecuali kab. Seluma. Tipe iklim Schmidth Ferguson bergeser dari A yang dominan bergeser ke tipe iklim A, B, C dan D, daerah yang mengalami pergeseran adalah wilayah Bengkulu bagian selatan. Proyeksi untuk tipe iklim Schmidth-Ferguson dan Oldeman tipe iklim yang mengalami perubahan adalah tipe iklim oldeman Kata kunci: iklim oldeman, iklim Schmidth-Fergusson,Curah Hujan, Proyeksi

Precise water use systems under sustainable agriculture may only be achieved if in-situ soil water content and availability of the plant can be measured quickly. Soil water content can be determined directly using the gravimetrical method by calculating the loss of water when the soil dries out, and indirectly by measuring other variables from which soil water can be calculated. The indirect methods have some advantages when compared to the direct gravimetrical method because measured; non-destructive soil water data are available instantly. Soil dielectric properties have strong relationships with soil water content and have been used widely as indirect methods of soil water determination, but the cost of the available instrument is too expensive for small-scale farmers. Two studies were conducted in 2011 and 2015 to develop a quick, cheap method to determine in-situ soil water content and precise water use by crops. The method applied a non-linear relation between soil water content (θ, in gg -1 ) and soil electrical impedance (Z, in kΩ) as follows: θ = a.Z b where a and b are constants. Parameter Z showed a good predictor for soil water content (R ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ 0.90) therefore can be used to determine soil water content in the field quickly. The dielectric method has been successfully used to determine the water balance in the vegetated soils, in wich changes in soil water content caused by daily rainfall as low as 10 mm was detected up to the depth of 60 cm. The method was also successfully capable of calculating the amount of water used by palm oil nursery grown in media with different levels of soil organic matter.

To enable conservation of degraded land requires Map of Conservation Activity Plan (CAP). The map is established based on a model developed by the then Ministry of Environment and Forestry. One step to analyze the CAP is land unit elimination (LUE) having area of < 1 cm2. This study aimed to determine the effect of LUE on the CAP at Air Bengkulu Watershed. Maps used for input to CAP are EHL (Erosion Hazard Level), Soil Depth, Slope, Population Pressure, and the Recommended Landuse, whereas to calculate EHL requires R, K, LS, C, and P Factors. CAP Map as a result without involving LUE is compared to the CAP Map with involving LUE. The research result showed that the LUE influences on the change of the recommended of the CAP up to 77.6% of the total area of the study, either in engineering recommended or in vegetatively recommended conservation, while the rest (22.4%) were unchanged.

Abstract.The research purposeis to analyze erosion hazardous level and sedimentation on Manna watershed, Bengkulu Province. The research area geographically lies between 102°51'38.2"-103°10'57.8" East., and 4°0'39.6"-4°29'38.0" South covering 72,071.9 ha. Potential erosion yield and level were calculated by applying Universal Soil Loss Equation, and spatial analysis of the erosion was done using ArcGIS. The potential erosion in Manna watershed was classified as moderate hazardous level of 12,442,368.12tons yr -1 or similar to170.68tons ha -1 yr -1 . Moderate to high level Soil erosion covered areas of 47,359.00ha, or 65.19% of Manna watershed, andhigh risk of potential erosion with veryhigh sedimentation rate amounted to 248.851,1 tons yr -1 . In short, land cover in Manna watershed was generally in high environmental pressures, therefore, and in future, water resources would face environmental problems.

Watershed overcoming deteriorates in its function was indicated by increasing soil erosion and land degradation. The research aims were to determine and map critical land degradation levels and to chose options of practical conservation concepts in Manna watershed. The Manna watershed lays on 102°51'38.2" - 103°10'57.8" long, and 04°0'39.6" - 4°29'38.0" alt covering 72,899.9 ha. The analysis procedures to determine land degradation levels based on Ministry of Forestry Rule (No. P.32/Menhut-11/2009), Procedures of Technical Design on Forest and Land Rehabilitation in Watershed (RTkRHL-DAS). The results showed that the Manna watershed divided in three land uses functions namely protected forest, limited timber forest, and agricultural cultivated areas/settlement. The land starting overcome degradation in covered by 35,318.6 ha or 48,77% of the watershed based on digital mapping using ArcGIS 10.1 software. The lands that categorized the critical level of degradation covered 7,989.5 ha or 11,03% of the watershed, and classified in the high critical level were 169.8 ha or 0,23% of the watershed. Options of conservation practice on the degraded lands in the Manna watershed should implement agro-forestry models because of the physiographical landscape in this area covering by waving to hilly landforms. On the protected forest and limited timber forest should develop agro-forestry with collaborative approaches through social engineering and social forestry. Re-establishing land use of the Manna watershed based on functions of land is the wise options for the sustainable environmental concepts