Materials and Methods Five pea varieties were evaluated for their performance at mountain agricultural research centre (MARC), Juglote, Gilgit during 2017. The varieties are climax, pasan, rondo, meteor and green feast. Results Differences among plant heights of pea varieties were significant with maximum plant height of 85.25 cm noted in plots of variety climax, while the minimum plant height of 45.75 cm was recorded in plots of variety rondo. Number of branches per plant of the different varieties ranged significantly from a minimum of 2.15 (green feast)to a maximum of 4.00 (meteor). Average number of pods per plant varied significantly between 10.84 and 13.71.Maximum pods per plant were found from variety climax (13.71) followed by green feast (13.58). Maximum pod length of 7.900 cm was recorded for variety Rondo, followed by variety green feast with pod length of 5.800 cm, while the minimum of 5.220 cm was recorded for the verity meteor. Maximum pod weight 26.29 kg per plot was obtained from variety climax, followed by 21.75 kg per plot from variety green feast, the minimum pods weight was recorded for variety meteor 16.20 kg per plot. Difference in pods yield of the five varieties were significant, with a maximum pods yield of 3585 kg per hectare recorded for variety climax, followed by 3545 kg per hectare for cultivar green feast and minimum of 2491 kg per hectare noted for variety rondo. Conclusion Therefore, variety climax being the highest yielder can be recommended to the pea growers of Gilgit-Baltistan for commercial cultivation.
P otato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world. In Pakistan, currently potato is grown on 109.7 thousand hectares producing 1938.1 thousand tonnes annually with an average yield of 17.7 tons/ha. (Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 2003-2004). Potato is now gaining status of cash crop after Apricot in Gilgit Baltistan (Food and Agriculture Division, 2012). Its annual production is estimated 76,125.00 tonnes from an area of 3,045 hectares (Hashmi and Shafiullah, 2003). Potato crop is attacked by a number of insect pests including wireworms, white grub, aphids, cutworm and others adversely affecting the yield of crop (Shakur et al., 2007). Among these insect pests, white grub is the most destructive pest damaging potato tubers and causes significant economic loss to potato growers of Gilgit-Baltistan. Abstract | Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world and it is gaining status of cash crop in Gilgit Baltistan. White grub is most destructive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018 and 2019. The minimum per cent infestation, number of white grubs per plot, yield loss and maximum tuber yield was recorded in plots treated with S. alopecuroides fermented extract and Refree. The fermented extract of S. alopecuroides significantly reduced percent infestation, number of white grub per plot and yield losses as compared to the control plot, however efficacy of the fermented extract of A. sieversiana, P. harmala and T. minuta was significantly low as compared to Refree. Our current field study indicated that the fermented extract of S. alopecuroides has potential to develop eco-friendly approach for management of white grub.
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