Comparative Evaluation of Single, Bilateral Intra-Testicular Injection of Hypertonic Saline Solution and Calcium Chloride as Chemical Sterilizing Agents in Male Cats

Ijaz, Misbah; Aleem, Rizwan Abdul; Manzoor, Asad; Qureshi, Anas Sarwar; Hassan, Faiza; Din, Muhammad; Din, Zia Mohy ud; Hayyat, Khizar; Tabassum, Rubi

doi:10.26717/bjstr.2019.21.003598

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The current study showed that the administration of Sodium solution in the testis of cats could cause atrophy of seminiferous tubular. Similar results were observed in cats treated with Sodium chloride solution which revealed atrophy of seminiferous tubule (Ijaz et al, 2019). Kwak and Lee (2013) found severe degenerative changes in testicular seminiferous tubules and massive infiltration of immune cells in the hypertonic saline group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The cats of group 2, group 3, and group 4 received a bilateral intratesticular injection of 0.25 mL sodium chloride/NaCl (EMSURE ® ; Merck, Germany) solution, respectively, at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25% which contained 2% lidocaine. The amount of NaCl solution administered was according to the studies of Jana and Samanta (2011) and Ijaz et al (2019).…”

Section: Animals and Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution

Dayanti¹,

Berata²,

Puja³

2021

WVJ

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The high population of feral cats in Bali, Indonesia, could be a problem associated with cat welfare and the risk of zoonotic diseases. Gonadectomy or male castration is an option for population control; however, there would be more economical ways to reach this goal. Sterilization using chemicals is an alternative to the surgical method of castration as it is reasonably priced, activated in a short time, and does not affect animal activity after the chemical administration. The present study aimed to evaluate intratesticular injection of Sodium chloride as an agent of chemosterilants in male cats. In the current study, 16 healthy male cats aged nearly one year old were randomly selected. The male cats were allocated into four groups containing four cats in each. Group 1 (control) received bilateral intratesticular injection with 0.25 mL normal saline solution containing 2% Lidocaine. The cats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received bilateral intratesticular injection of 0.25 mL Sodium chloride solution containing 2% Lidocaine with a concentration of 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. At the end of the study (after 30 days of injection), the cats were castrated and their testes were removed for sperm quality and histopathological evaluation. The results of the present study indicated that intratesticular injection of Sodium chloride significantly decreased the motility and viability rates, and increased the abnormalities of the sperms. Histopathological studies revealed marked depletion of spermatozoa in the testes and seminiferous tubular degeneration, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and epithelial cell vacuolation. In conclusion, the injection of 20-25% solution of Sodium chloride in testes had the potential as a chemosterilant for chemical sterilization in cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Animals and Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution

Dayanti¹,

Berata²,

Puja³

2021

WVJ

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Male animal sterilization: history, current practices, and potential methods for replacing castration

Hess,

Park,

Soto

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Sterilization and castration have been synonyms for thousands of years. Making an animal sterile meant to render them incapable of producing offspring. Castration or the physical removal of the testes was discovered to be the most simple but reliable method for managing reproduction and sexual behavior in the male. Today, there continues to be global utilization of castration in domestic animals. More than six hundred million pigs are castrated every year, and surgical removal of testes in dogs and cats is a routine practice in veterinary medicine. However, modern biological research has extended the meaning of sterilization to include methods that spare testis removal and involve a variety of options, from chemical castration and immunocastration to various methods of vasectomy. This review begins with the history of sterilization, showing a direct link between its practice in man and animals. Then, it traces the evolution of concepts for inducing sterility, where research has overlapped with basic studies of reproductive hormones and the discovery of testicular toxicants, some of which serve as sterilizing agents in rodent pests. Finally, the most recent efforts to use the immune system and gene editing to block hormonal stimulation of testis function are discussed. As we respond to the crisis of animal overpopulation and strive for better animal welfare, these novel methods provide optimism for replacing surgical castration in some species.

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Comparative Evaluation of Single, Bilateral Intra-Testicular Injection of Hypertonic Saline Solution and Calcium Chloride as Chemical Sterilizing Agents in Male Cats

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution

Sperm Quality and Histology of the Testis and Epididymis in Chemical Castrated Male Cats with Intra-testicular Injection of Sodium Chloride Solution

Male animal sterilization: history, current practices, and potential methods for replacing castration

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