Water hyacinth (WH) is notorious for causing severe environmental degradation and being an economic burden to manage. However, it offers substantial prospects if exploited, especially by rural communities. High temperatures, eutrophic conditions and other environmental factors promote the proliferation of the plant in regions where it has been introduced. Regarded as among the world’s worst invasive weeds, WH is nearly impossible to control and eradicate without an integrated approach and community participation. The effectiveness of control methods varies, yet sustained community involvement determines the long-term success of these methods. Reproducing rapidly, WH has the resource capacity to support a unique microeconomic ecosystem, incentivising WH control by generating sustainable income. The WH ecology, the socioeconomic impacts of its invasion and its various applications are reviewed, and revenue generation and cost-saving options are highlighted. A circular microeconomic model is proposed by integrating WH valorisation into the general limitations of a rural community. Empowering locals with opportunities and enticing them with potential economic gains can be a nudge towards a pro-environment behavioural change in managing WH. This would aid in upgrading local livelihoods and could foster resilience within the community in tackling both environmental problems and economic setbacks through the management of WH invasions.
This review aims to gather and summarize up-to-date information on the potential health benefits of Nigella sativa (NS) on diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications from different animal models, clinical trials and in vitro studies. DM is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders resulting from chronic hyperglycaemia due to problems in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It affects people regardless of age, gender and race. The main consequence of DM development is the metabolic dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Current treatments for DM include pharmacological therapy, insulin and diabetic therapy targeting β cells. Some of these therapeutic approaches are promising; however, their safety and effectiveness remain elusive. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used and proven effective against diseases. These plants are believed to be effective and benefit physiological and pathological processes, as they can be used to prevent, reduce or treat multiple diseases. Nigella sativa Linn. is an annual indigenous herbaceous plant belonging to Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family. NS exhibits multifactorial activities; it could ameliorate oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and insulinotropic effects and inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes. Thus, this review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of NS that could be used as a complement or adjuvant for the management of DM and its complications. However, future research should be able to replicate and fill in the gaps of the study conducted to introduce NS safely to patients with DM.
about the phylogenetic of this plant family is very little and thus prevent from comparative study being conducted. Not only known as horticulture plant, this family also have an economic value and useful for medicinal purposes (Grant, 1955).Trichomes are defined as unicellular or multicellular appendages, which originates from the epidermal cells and develop outwards on the surface of various plant organs and often covered the aerial organs or plants, and the morphology of trichomes structures vary greatly between species (Werker, 2000). Cutler et al. (2008) stated that, trichomes are hairs, papillae and scales that exhibit the same wide INTRODUCTIONAcanthaceae is a plant family under the order Lamiales with at least of 4000 tropical and subtropical species (Borg, 2008). There are three subfamilies in Acanthaceae which are Acanthoideae, Thunbergioideae and also Nelsonioideae (Borg &Schonenberger, 2011). Acanthaceae is known as third largest tropical plant family after Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae (Grant, 1955). According to McDade et al. (2008), even though Acanthaceae is an important plant family in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world, the information Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi trikom yang terdapat pada permukaan daun mahkota bunga. Dalam studi ini ditemukan variasi pada tipe dan kepadatannya. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan semua jenis diketahui terdapat dua bentuk trikom yaitu berbentuk kelenjar dan tidak berkelenjar. Terdapat tujuh macam trickom pada pengamatan ini. Tipe trikom secara sistematika menunjukkan karakter diagnostik untuk membedakan serta mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis Acanthaceae pada studi ini. TRICHOMES MORPHOLOGY ON PETALS OF SOME ACANTHACEAE SPECIES
This study examined the anatomical features of Anacardiaceae from Malaysia. A total of 31 species from 13 genera of the family Anacardiaceae in Malaysia were obtained from Kepong Xylarium (KEPw), Forest Research Institute Malaysia. The genera in Anacardiaceae were distinguished based on anatomical features. The diagnostic anatomical features that were used to separate the genera are scalariform perforations plates present in Campnosperma, larger rays in Pentaspadon and Spondias, and radial canals in some genera. Mineral inclusion, i.e., crystals and silica also could be diagnostic features to distinguish the genera in Malaysian Anacardiaceae; silica was observed in Gluta, Parishia, and Swintonia. Anatomical features could be used as indicators to the other wood properties and lead to potential usage of timber in Anacardiaceae. However, the presence of druses in individual Toxicodendron succedaneum indicated its adaptation to the local microclimatic conditions.
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